Changes

There On campus, there are three 2 wireless networks on campus. One network'''eduroam''' is the preferred method, called VT-Wireless, encrypts all traffic and is secured with [[EAP-TLS]] or which uses PEAP-MSCHAPv2. A to authenticate to the RADIUS server, while the second network, CONNECTtoVT-WirelessSSID, an unencrypted'''VirginiaTech''', provides a captive portal wireless network designed to set up connecting to VT-Wireless without offering Internet access. Due to user issues faced during deployment, CONNECTtoVT-Wireless began offering captive portal access to VT usersand allows for guest account creation.

As of January 2015 the [https://www.computing.vt.edu/content/eduroam preferred method] of wireless access at Virginia Tech is through the [https://eduroam.org/ Eduroameduroam] network. Eduroam eduroam is a secure wireless access service that was developed for the use of research and educational institutions. One of the advantages of the Eduroam network over the VT-Wireless eduroam network is that you will be able to connect to the Internet at any participating institution using your Virginia Tech credentials. The Eduroameduroam-US site provides a [https://www.eduroam.us/technical_overview technical overview] of how the network authenticates you to the Virginia Tech RADIUS servers.

==General Connection informationInformation==

The following settings are recommended for connecting to the Eduroam eduroam network:

* '''SSID: ''' eduroam* '''EAP: ''' PEAP* '''Phase 2: ''' MSCHAPv2* '''Root CA:''' "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority" or pin the certificate (see below)* '''Server Name:''' eduroam.nis.vt.edu* '''Identity: ''' pid@vt.edu (So if your PID was "hokiebird", hokiebird@vt.edu)* '''Anonymous Identity: ''' anonymous@vt.edu* '''Password: ''' [https://www.computing.vt.edu/kb/entry/3765 Your Network Password]

Where possible, we opt for ===Obtaining the highest level of verification of the certificate: manually pinning the hash of the certificate we expect to be presented. The canonical form of the hash used by many network managers is the SHA256 hash of the DER encoding of the certificate.Certificate Chain===

In order to generate the certificate hash, download the The certificate presented by clicking the "Download" link on the [httpsRADIUS server is chained as such://ash.eprov.seti.vt.edu/EJBCAWebRequest/certSearch?cmd=search&keyword=VT-Wireless Certificate Search for VT-Wireless] (Unfortunately this site is only available to Virginia Tech IPs)

Validate that the downloaded certificate is in fact signed by the (Now Obsolete) [https://secure* USERTrust RSA Certification Authority** InCommon RSA Server CA *** eduroam.hostingnis.vt.edu/www.pki.vt.edu/developer/rootca.html#globalserver Virginia Tech Global Server CA] chain.

Below is where to obtain each of these, along with some metadata. The filenames are arbitrary, but will be used for the rest of this article. For every certificate (TODO''especially'' the root, the signature chain helps with the rest), consider where you are obtaining it from and how much trust that you are getting what you think you are. You will probably want the PEM formatted certificate, if you have the option.

$ openssl x509 -in VT-Wireless''Filename:'' USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.cns.vt.edu.crt -outform der | sha256sum 216c5f2568c6e84860b12535efe93500623ccee999306b84260f951bcbd57b1a -pem

''Subject:'' C = US, ST = New Jersey, L = Jersey City, O = The USERTRUST Network, CN = USERTrust RSA Certification Authority This is a common root CA and should have shipped with your OS. It is recommended likely located in <code>/etc/ssl/certs/USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem</code>. Note that if you perform these steps yourself rather than trusting follow the Authority Information Access of the intermediate certificate hash presented , it may direct you to a URL which points to a different version of this certficate, which is cross signed by AddTrust and expires in May 2020. The one in your cert store is self-signed and expires in 2038. You want the configurations belowone from your cert store. ====InCommon RSA Server CA==== ''Filename:'' InCommonRSAServerCA_2.pem ''Subject:'' C = US, ST = MI, L = Ann Arbor, O = Internet2, OU = InCommon, CN = InCommon RSA Server CA This is an intermediate certificate issued by InCommon. You can get it directly from InCommon [http://crt.usertrust.com/InCommonRSAServerCA_2.crt here]. ====eduroam.nis.vt.edu==== ''Filename:'' eduroam.nis.vt.edu.pem

'''NoteSubject:''' As we are pinning the certificate instead of relying on a PKIC = US, postalCode = 24061, ST = Virginia, L = Blacksburg, street = 800 Washington St. SW, O = Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, when CNS rotates the certificates being usedOU = Secure Identity Services, the configuration will need to be updated to match the new certificateCN = eduroam.nis.vt.edu

====A word of caution====Although you This can verify connection to be obtained from the Virginia Tech RADIUS servers you must keep in mind that you are connecting to a network that you do not control[https://certs. It is possible that there are network monitors in place which can record and potentially modify trafficit.vt.edu/search VT Certificate Manager]. This requires PID login. Search for "eduroam.nis.vt.edu". Grab the certificate most recently issued.

We encourage you to take precautions against network eavesdropping and mischief (on ===Validating the Eduroam network, and in general). Potential countermeasures that one might want to employ include using [https://www.eff.org/HTTPS-EVERYWHERE HTTPS when connecting to sites], using a [https://www.computing.vt.edu/content/virtual-private-network VPN], or using the [https://www.torproject.org/ Tor Browser Bundle].certificate===

For general tips on improving your security while using <ol><li> Obtain ''all'' certificates in the network, consider reading reading chain ''in PEM format'' </li><li> Concatenate the EFF's [httpsnon-leaf certificates in to a single file:<//ssdli><pre>$ cat USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem InCommonRSAServerCA_2.effpem > ca.orgpem</ Surveillance Self-Defense] tips and/or contacting pre><li> Verify the [https:certificates are signed correctly <//securityli><pre>$ openssl verify -verbose -purpose sslserver -CAfile ca.pem eduroam.nis.vt.edu.pemeduroam.nis.vt.edu.pem: OK</pre><li> For at least the root and leaf certificates, verify the subject (compare to above) </ Virginia Tech Information Security Office].li><pre>$ openssl x509 -in file_of_cert_you_want_to_check -noout -subject</pre></ol>

==A word of caution on MSCHAPv2=Certificate Pinning===Warning: Use of PEAP-MSCHAPv2 to connect to the Virginia Tech network is strongly discouraged by the Linux and Unix Users Group due to attacks that can allow all traffic to be decrypted with a 100% success rate. Unfortunately, VT has deprecated its use so users will soon lose the choice to use certificates.

At DefCon 20 Due to vulnerabilities in July 2012, an attack was announced for the MSCHAPv2 protocol that allows allow the protocol to be cracked quickly with a 100% success rate.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160316174007/https://www.cloudcracker.com/blog/2012/07/29/cracking-ms-chap-v2/]</ref> , it is ''absolutely critical'Use ' that the RADIUS server certificate be validated properly before attempting authentication. Where possible, we opt for the highest level of verification of the certificate: manually pinning the hash of MSCHAPv2 the certificate we expect to be presented. The canonical form of the hash used by many network managers is strongly discouragedthe SHA256 hash of the DER encoding of the certificate.'''

==Set your remote access (network) passphrase==Regardless of what software you use to establish your connection, you must first set your remote passphrase by going to [https://my $ openssl x509 -in eduroam.vt.edu mynis.vt.edu]→Settings→Change Network Password.crt -outform der | sha256sum 9b5163a3360f07b2dce2fd1e958c541687cf4c5360bb8adc87fa821c1c969910 -

[[File'''Note:AndroidEduroamNoCert.png|170px|thumb|Sample Android configuration ''' As we are pinning the certificate instead of eduroamrelying on a PKI, but crucially lacking when NI&S rotates the certificates being used (at least every 2 years), the configuration will need to be updated to match the new certificate validation.]]

===eduroam (preferred)A Word of Caution===Although you can verify connection to the Virginia Tech RADIUS servers you must keep in mind that you are connecting to a network that you do not control. It is possible that there are network monitors in place which can record and potentially modify traffic.

A sample configuration is available We encourage you to take precautions against network eavesdropping and mischief (on the righteduroam network, but as this configuration is currently lacking CA certificate validation, we do not at this time recommend and in general). Potential countermeasures that one might want to employ include using [https://www.eff.org/HTTPS-EVERYWHERE HTTPS when connecting to sites], using a [https://www.computing.vt.edu/content/virtual-private-network VPN], or using the network[https://www.torproject.org/ Tor Browser Bundle].

For general tips on improving your security while using the network, consider reading the EFF'''TODOs [https://ssd.eff.org/ Surveillance Self-Defense] tips, reading [https://www.hokieprivacy.org/ Hokie Privacy], and/or contacting the [https:''' Android certificate validation//security.vt.edu/ Virginia Tech Information Security Office].

==NetworkManager Instructions= VT-Wireless (legacy)==={{Version|2.2 (Froyo) of Android}}

* From In the home screenlist of wireless networks, press the menu button and choose "Settings"→"Wireless & networks"→select "Wi-Fi settingseduroam".* Remove any existing entries for {{{networks|the network you'd like to add or any conflicting network}}}.* From Set the "WiFi networks" listing, click on {{{network|the network you'd like to add}}}.* Choose PEAP as the EAP method and MSCHAPv2 as the phase two authentication mechanism.* Enter your credentials for the identity and press "Connect".following options:

==NetworkManager==* Wi-Fi security: WPA & WPA2 Enterprise===eduroam * Authentication: Protected EAP (preferredPEAP)===* In your wireless configuration program, select eduroamAnonymous identity: anonymous@vt.edu* Choose PEAP as the EAP typeDomain: nis.vt.edu* Choose MSCHAPv2 as CA certificate: Select <code>/path/to/USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem</code> via the file picker* PEAP version: Automatic* Inner authentication method.: MSCHAPv2* Use Username: PID@vt.edu and network passphrase as your login credentials.* Use anonymous@vt.edu as your Anonymous Identity* '''TODOPassword:''' Certificate verificationYOUR_NETWORK_PASSWORD

===VT-Wireless (legacy)===* In your wireless configuration program, select VT-Wireless.* Choose PEAP as the EAP type.* Choose MSCHAPv2 as the authentication method.* Use your {{{identity|PID}}} and network passphrase as your login credentials[[File:Nm settings.png]]

==wpa_supplicantInstructions==

update_config=1

#THIS HASH IS OUT OF DATE, PLEASE FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE # if you prefer to pin the certificate ca_cert="hash://server/sha256/216c5f2568c6e84860b12535efe93500623ccee999306b84260f951bcbd57b1a" # if you prefer to dynamically validate the certificate by its cryptographic attributes ca_cert="/path/to/USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem" domain_match="eduroam.nis.vt.edu"

===VT-Wireless (legacy)===Add On [[OpenBSD]], the following lines to <code>/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</code>process is a little more complicated:

ctrl_interface=DIR=# ifconfig wlan0 nwid eduroam wpa wpaakms 802.1x up # /usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /runetc/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel.conf update_config=1# dhclient wlan0 fast_reauth=1# ifconfig wlan0 inet6 autoconf  ap_scan=1Alternate config options, besides domain_match are as follows (obviously not correct): network={ ssidsubject_match="VT-Wireless" proto/C=WPA2 key_mgmtUS/ST=WPA-EAP eapCA/L=PEAP phase2San Francisco/CN="authTest AS/emailAddress=MSCHAPV2as@example.com" identity domain_suffix_match="your {{{identity|PID}}}nis.vt.edu" password="your passphrase" ca_cert="More thorough documentation is available at [https://w1.fi/cgit/etchostap/sslplain/certswpa_supplicant/GlobalSign_Root_CAwpa_supplicant.pem }conf]

==netctlInstructions==

==connman Instructions ==This config should be useable with connman. Replace Passphrase and Identity with your Network password and PID@vt.edu, respectively. <pre>[global]Name = eduroamDescription = Optionally put something descriptive here. [service_wifi_3c15c2e29584_656475726f616d_managed_ieee8021x]Type = wifiName = eduroamEAP = peapCACertFile = /etc/ssl/certs/USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pemDomainMatch = eduroam.nis.vt.eduAnonymousIdentity = anonymous@vt.eduPhase2 = MSCHAPV2Identity = PID@vt.eduPassphrase = NETWORKPASSWORD</pre> =VT-Wireless (legacy)=Android Instructions==Tested on [[Arch LinuxFile:AndroidEduroamNoCert.png|170px|thumb|Sample Android configuration of eduroam, but crucially lacking certificate validation.]] with netctl 0 A sample configuration is available to the right, but as this configuration is currently lacking CA certificate validation, we do not at this time recommend connecting to the network. The Identity needs to be modified to match your PID@vt.edu, and your Network Password needs to be entered in the Password field. Steps:* From the home screen, press the menu button and choose "Settings"→"Wireless & networks"→"Wi-Fi settings".* Remove any existing entries for eduroam.8 (updated * From the "WiFi networks" listing, click on 2013-04-12)eduroam.* Choose PEAP as the EAP method and MSCHAPv2 as the phase two authentication mechanism.* Enter your pid@vt.edu for the identity* Enter "anonymous@vt.edu" for the anonymous identity* Enter your Network Password for the password* Press "Connect". '''TODO:''' Android certificate validation Quick and dirty options for validating the eduroam certificate, in order from least secure to most secure:

* Create # Do not validate: you will get online, but consider your connection to be as secure as a public hotspot# (Android 7.1+ only) Use system certificates: This will check to make sure the certificate chains back to some CA in the system cert store. This is significantly better than no validation, but still not very good. You may also need to specify a filedomain. If so, '''/etc/netctl/VT-Wireless''' and place this in it: Description=use "VT-Wireless PEAP-MSCHAPv2vt.edu" Interface=wlan0# Download and import the USERTrust Root CA: detailed instructions to come. Since you are still not checking the CN, it is only marginally better than using system certificates. Connection# Use the [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.ac.swansea.eduroamcat eduroam CAT] tool: this will setup the whole wireless Security=wpa-configsection IP=dhcp IP6=stateless WPAConfigSection=( 'ssid=profile and use the correct CA and verify the CN. As such, it is the preferred method. Warning, it is ugly. If you have an existing "VT-Wirelesseduroam"' 'proto=RSN' 'key_mgmt=WPAprofile, you will need to remove it. When it prompts for the username and password, use <YOUR-EAP' 'eap=PEAP' 'phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2"' 'identity="YOUR IDENTITY"' 'PID>@vt.edu and your network password=. It relies on geolocation to prompt for the profile for the right school. You may need to go outside to get a good GPS signal. If it is able to do geo-ip (e.g., you are connected to the "NETWORK PASSWORDVirginiaTech" 'ca_cert="/etc/ssl/certs/GlobalSign_Root_CASSID), it gets you close enough.pem"' )

Make sure to change '''IDENTITY''' to your {{{identity|PID}}}, ==Frequently Asked Questions=====Is eduroam free?===eduroam at Virginia Tech is free for:* VT affiliates with wireless entitlements (includes students) access and '''NETWORK PASSWORD''' to your network password.passwords* Users at other participating institutions

===Why is eduroam the preferred SSID?===Using eduroam has several advantages:* After creating this file, make sure The unencrypted portion of your authentication optionally identifies you as "anonymous@vt.edu" rather than revealing your PID* You have access to change the owner seamless roaming if you ever travel to root (<code>sudo chown root:root /etc/netctl/VT-Wireless</code>) and change the permissions so that it can be read only by another participating college campus* The anonymous identity feature separates RADIUS authentication logs from the owner (<code>sudo chmod 0600 /etc/netctl/VT-Wireless</code>). This will ensure that your private key password cannot be read by others easily.network access provider's logs

* To connect===Does eduroam support EAP-TLS?===Currently, simply type the following in a terminal: sudo netctl start VTVirginia Tech eduroam RADIUS servers are not configured for EAP-WirelessTLS.