‘Let It Die: Inferno’ Is A Very Interesting Trial Balloon For AI Use In Video Games [Techdirt] (11:03 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
On the topic of artificial intelligence, like far too many topics these days, it seems that the vast majority of opinions out there are highly polarized. Either you’re all about making fun of AI not living up to the hype surrounding it, and there are admittedly a zillion examples of this, or you’re an AI “doomer”, believing that AI is so powerful that it’s a threat to all of our jobs, and potentially to our very existence. The latter version of that can get really, really dangerous and isn’t to be taken lightly.
Stratified opinions also exist in smaller, more focused spaces when it comes to use of AI. Take the video game industry, for example. In many cases, gamers learn about the use of AI in a game or its promotional materials and lose their minds over it. They will often tell you they’re angry because of the “slop” that AI produces and is not found and corrected by the humans overseeing it… but that doesn’t tell the full story. Some just have a knee-jerk response to the use of AI at all and rail against it. Others, including industry insiders, see AI as no big deal; just another tool in a game developer’s tool belt, helping to do things faster than could be done before. That too isn’t the entire story; certainly there will be some job loss or lack of job expansion associated with the use of AI as a tool.
Somewhere in the middle is likely the correct answer. And what developer Supertrick has done in being transparent about the use of AI in Let It Die: Inferno is something of an interesting trial balloon for gauging public sentiment. PC Gamer tells the story of how an AI disclosure notice got added to the game’s Steam page, noting that voices, graphics, and music were all generated within the game in some part by AI. The notice is completely without nuance or detail, leading to a fairly wide backlash from the public.
No one liked that, and in response to no one liking that, Supertrick has come out with a news post to clarify exactly what materials in the game have AI’s tendrils around them. Fair’s fair: it’s a pretty limited pool of stuff. So limited, in fact, that it makes me wonder why use AI for it in the first place.
Supertrick attempted to explain why. The use of AI generated assets breaks down mostly like this:
And that’s it. Are the explanations above all that good? Nah, not all of them, in my opinion. Actors have been portraying computers, robots, and even AI for many years. Successfully in many cases, I would say. Even iconically at times. But using AI to create some base images and then layering human expression on top of them to create a final product? That seems perfectly reasonable to me. As does the use of AI for some music creation and editing in some specific uses.
Overall, the use here isn’t extensive, though, nor particularly crazy. And I very much like that Supertrick is going for a transparency play with this. The public’s reaction to that transparency is going to be very, very interesting. Even if you don’t like Supertrick’s use of AI as outlined above, it’s not extensive and that use certainly hasn’t done away with tens or hundreds of jobs. Continued public backlash would come off as kind of silly, I think.
Though the games overall reception isn’t particularly helpful, either.
Regardless, Let It Die: Inferno released yesterday, and so far has met a rocky reception. At the time of writing, the game has a Mostly Negative user-review score on Steam, with only 39% positive reviews.
Scanning those reviews, there doesn’t seem to be a ton in there about AI usage. So perhaps the backlash has moved on to the game just not being very good.
The UK Has It Wrong On Digital ID. Here’s Why. [Techdirt] (06:27 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
In late September, the United Kingdom’s Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced his government’s plans to introduce a new digital ID scheme in the country to take effect before the end of the Parliament (no later than August 2029). The scheme will, according to the Prime Minister, “cut the faff” in proving people’s identities by creating a virtual ID on personal devices with information like people’s name, date of birth, nationality or residency status, and photo to verify their right to live and work in the country.
This is the latest example of a government creating a new digital system that is fundamentally incompatible with a privacy-protecting and human rights-defending democracy. This past year alone, we’ve seen federal agencies across the United States explore digital IDs to prevent fraud, the Transportation Security Administration accepting “Digital passport IDs” in Android, and states contracting with mobile driver’s license providers (mDL). And as we’ve said many times, digital ID is not for everyone and policymakers should ensure better access for people with or without a digital ID.
But instead, the UK is pushing forward with its plans to rollout digital ID in the country. Here’s three reasons why those policymakers have it wrong.
In his initial announcement, Starmer stated: “You will not be able to work in the United Kingdom if you do not have digital ID. It’s as simple as that.” Since then, the government has been forced to clarify those remarks: digital ID will be mandatory to prove the right to work, and will only take effect after the scheme’s proposed introduction in 2028, rather than retrospectively.
The government has also confirmed that digital ID will not be required for pensioners, students, and those not seeking employment, and will also not be mandatory for accessing medical services, such as visiting hospitals. But as civil society organizations are warning, it’s possible that the required use of digital ID will not end here. Once this data is collected and stored, it provides a multitude of opportunities for government agencies to expand the scenarios where they demand that you prove your identity before entering physical and digital spaces or accessing goods and services.
The government may also be able to request information from workplaces on who is registering for employment at that location, or collaborate with banks to aggregate different data points to determine who is self-employed or not registered to work. It potentially leads to situations where state authorities can treat the entire population with suspicion of not belonging, and would shift the power dynamics even further towards government control over our freedom of movement and association.
And this is not the first time that the UK has attempted to introduce digital ID: politicians previously proposed similar schemes intended to control the spread of COVID-19, limit immigration, and fight terrorism. In a country increasing the deployment of other surveillance technologies like face recognition technology, this raises additional concerns about how digital ID could lead to new divisions and inequalities based on the data obtained by the system.
These concerns compound the underlying narrative that digital ID is being introduced to curb illegal immigration to the UK: that digital ID would make it harder for people without residency status to work in the country because it would lower the possibility that anyone could borrow or steal the identity of another. Not only is there little evidence to prove that digital ID will limit illegal immigration, but checks on the right to work in the UK already exist. This is nothing more than inflammatory and misleading; Liberal Democrat leader Ed Davey noted this would do “next to nothing to tackle channel crossings.”
While the government announced that their digital ID scheme will be inclusive enough to work for those without access to a passport, reliable internet, or a personal smartphone, as we’ve been saying for years, digital ID leaves vulnerable and marginalized people not only out of the debate and ultimately out of the society that these governments want to build. We remain concerned about the potential for digital identification to exacerbate existing social inequalities, particularly for those with reduced access to digital services or people seeking asylum.
The UK government has said a public consultation will be launched later this year to explore alternatives, such as physical documentation or in-person support for the homeless and older people; but it’s short-sighted to think that these alternatives are viable or functional in the long term. For example, UK organization Big Brother Watch reported that about only 20% of Universal Credit applicants can use online ID verification methods.
These individuals should not be an afterthought that are attached to the end of the announcement for further review. It is essential that if a tool does not work for those without access to the array of essentials, such as the internet or the physical ID, then it should not exist.
Digital ID schemes also exacerbate other inequalities in society, such as abusers who will be able to prevent others from getting jobs or proving other statuses by denying access to their ID. In the same way, the scope of digital ID may be expanded and people could be forced to prove their identities to different government agencies and officials, which may raise issues of institutional discrimination when phones may not load, or when the Home Office has incorrect information on an individual. This is not an unrealistic scenario considering the frequency of internet connectivity issues, or circumstances like passports and other documentation expiring.
Digital ID systems expand the number of entities that may access personal information and consequently use it to track and surveil. The UK government has nodded to this threat. Starmer stated that the technology would “absolutely have very strong encryption” and wouldn’t be used as a surveillance tool. Moreover, junior Cabinet Office Minister Josh Simons told Parliament that “data associated with the digital ID system will be held and kept safe in secure cloud environments hosted in the United Kingdom” and that “the government will work closely with expert stakeholders to make the programme effective, secure and inclusive.”
But if digital ID is needed to verify people’s identities multiple times per day or week, ensuring end-to-encryption is the bare minimum the government should require. Unlike sharing a National Insurance Number, a digital ID will show an array of personal information that would otherwise not be available or exchanged.
This would create a rich environment for hackers or hostile agencies to obtain swathes of personal information on those based in the UK. And if previous schemes in the country are anything to go by, the government’s ability to handle giant databases is questionable. Notably, the eVisa’s multitude of failures last year illustrated the harms that digital IDs can bring, with issues like government system failures and internet outages leading to people being detained, losing their jobs, or being made homeless. Checking someone’s identity against a database in real-time requires a host of online and offline factors to work, and the UK is yet to take the structural steps required to remedying this.
Moreover, we know that the Cabinet Office and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology will be involved in the delivery of digital ID and are clients of U.S.-based tech vendors, specifically Amazon Web Services (AWS). The UK government has spent millions on AWS (and Microsoft) cloud services in recent years, and the One Government Value Agreement (OGVA)—first introduced in 2020 and of which provides discounts for cloud services by contracting with the UK government and public sector organizations as a single client—is still active. It is essential that any data collected is not stored or shared with third parties, including through cloud agreements with companies outside the UK.
And even if the UK government published comprehensive plans to ensure data minimization in its digital ID, we will still strongly oppose any national ID scheme. Any identification issued by the government with a centralized database is a power imbalance that can only be enhanced with digital ID, and both the public and civil society organizations in the country are against this.
Digital ID regimes strip privacy from everyone and further marginalize those seeking asylum or undocumented people. They are pursued as a technological solution to offline problems but instead allow the state to determine what you can access, not just verify who you are, by functioning as a key to opening—or closing—doors to essential services and experiences.
We cannot base our human rights on the government’s mere promise to uphold them. On December 8th, politicians in the country will be debating a petition that reached almost 3 million signatories rejecting mandatory digital ID. If you’re based in the UK, you can contact your MP (external campaign links) to oppose the plans for a digital ID system.
The case for digital identification has not been made. The UK government must listen to people in the country and say no to digital ID.
Originally published to the EFF’s Deeplinks blog.
Merriam-Webster’s word of the year delivers a dismissive verdict on junk AI content [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (05:41 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Like most tools, generative AI models can be misused. And when the misuse gets bad enough that a major dictionary notices, you know it’s become a cultural phenomenon.
On Sunday, Merriam-Webster announced that “slop” is its 2025 Word of the Year, reflecting how the term has become shorthand for the flood of low-quality AI-generated content that has spread across social media, search results, and the web at large. The dictionary defines slop as “digital content of low quality that is produced usually in quantity by means of artificial intelligence.”
“It’s such an illustrative word,” Merriam-Webster president Greg Barlow told the Associated Press. “It’s part of a transformative technology, AI, and it’s something that people have found fascinating, annoying, and a little bit ridiculous.”
Microsoft will finally kill obsolete cipher that has wreaked decades of havoc [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (04:15 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Microsoft is killing off an obsolete and vulnerable encryption cipher that Windows has supported by default for 26 years following more than a decade of devastating hacks that exploited it and recently faced blistering criticism from a prominent US senator.
When the software maker rolled out Active Directory in 2000, it made RC4 a sole means of securing the Windows component, which administrators use to configure and provision fellow administrator and user accounts inside large organizations. RC4, short for Rivist Cipher 4, is a nod to mathematician and cryptographer Ron Rivest of RSA Security, who developed the stream cipher in 1987. Within days of the trade-secret-protected algorithm being leaked in 1994, a researcher demonstrated a cryptographic attack that significantly weakened the security it had been believed to provide. Despite the known susceptibility, RC4 remained a staple in encryption protocols, including SSL and its successor TLS, until about a decade ago.
One of the most visible holdouts in supporting RC4 has been Microsoft. Eventually, Microsoft upgraded Active Directory to support the much more secure AES encryption standard. But by default, Windows servers have continued to respond to RC4-based authentication requests and return an RC4-based response. The RC4 fallback has been a favorite weakness hackers have exploited to compromise enterprise networks. Use of RC4 played a key role in last year’s breach of health giant Ascension. The breach caused life-threatening disruptions at 140 hospitals and put the medical records of 5.6 million patients into the hands of the attackers. US Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) in September called on the Federal Trade Commission to investigate Microsoft for “gross cybersecurity negligence,” citing the continued default support for RC4.
Microsoft will finally kill obsolete cipher that has wreaked decades of havoc [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (04:15 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Microsoft is killing off an obsolete and vulnerable encryption cipher that Windows has supported by default for 26 years following more than a decade of devastating hacks that exploited it and recently faced blistering criticism from a prominent US senator.
When the software maker rolled out Active Directory in 2000, it made RC4 a sole means of securing the Windows component, which administrators use to configure and provision fellow administrator and user accounts inside large organizations. RC4, short for Rivist Cipher 4, is a nod to mathematician and cryptographer Ron Rivest of RSA Security, who developed the stream cipher in 1987. Within days of the trade-secret-protected algorithm being leaked in 1994, a researcher demonstrated a cryptographic attack that significantly weakened the security it had been believed to provide. Despite the known susceptibility, RC4 remained a staple in encryption protocols, including SSL and its successor TLS, until about a decade ago.
One of the most visible holdouts in supporting RC4 has been Microsoft. Eventually, Microsoft upgraded Active Directory to support the much more secure AES encryption standard. But by default, Windows servers have continued to respond to RC4-based authentication requests and return an RC4-based response. The RC4 fallback has been a favorite weakness hackers have exploited to compromise enterprise networks. Use of RC4 played a key role in last year’s breach of health giant Ascension. The breach caused life-threatening disruptions at 140 hospitals and put the medical records of 5.6 million patients into the hands of the attackers. US Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) in September called on the Federal Trade Commission to investigate Microsoft for “gross cybersecurity negligence,” citing the continued default support for RC4.
Truly Unhinged: Trump Suggests Rob Reiner Had It Coming For Criticizing Him [Techdirt] (04:06 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
When Hollywood legend Rob Reiner and his wife Michele Singer Reiner were murdered Sunday evening—allegedly by their son, who was arrested—you might (had you been living in another time with a different President) have expected the President of the United States to either stay silent or offer condolences.
Instead, Donald Trump saw an opportunity to demonstrate to the world—yet again—how truly depraved and obsessed he is.

That’s Trump on Truth Social saying:
A very sad thing happened last night in Hollywood. Rob Reiner, a tortured and struggling, but once very talented movie director and comedy star, has passed away, together with his wife, Michele, reportedly due to the anger he caused others through his massive, unyielding, and incurable affliction with a mind crippling disease known as TRUMP DERANGEMENT SYNDROME, sometimes referred to as TDS. He was known to have driven people CRAZY by his raging obsession of President Donald J. Trump, with his obvious paranoia reaching new heights as the Trump Administration surpassed all goals and expectations of greatness, and with the Golden Age of America upon us, perhaps like never before. May Rob and Michele rest in peace!
Read that again. The President of the United States is claiming—with zero evidence—that Reiner’s murder happened “due to the anger he caused others” through his criticism of Trump. He’s framing political speech against Trump as something that drives people “crazy” and justifies violence.
This is the same administration that spent months after Charlie Kirk’s death insisting that even quoting Kirk’s own hateful rhetoric was unacceptable and deserving of cancellation. Pam Bondi threatened to prosecute those who criticized Kirk, claiming it incited violence. There was a flood of think pieces demanding we “turn down the rhetoric” even as MAGA immediately ramped up “the war on the left” in Kirk’s name.
But when someone who spent decades speaking out against fascism—Rob Reiner, beloved for his work on All in the Family and for directing genre-defining films, a key player in legalizing same-sex marriage, someone whose empathy and kindness touched countless lives—is murdered? Trump claims Reiner basically had it coming because his anti-Trump activism drove people “crazy.”
Trump is mad because Reiner has been a loud, consistent, and vocal critic of the President, highlighting the many ways in which Donald Trump is unfit for office. And Trump’s obsession with that criticism is the only thing in this story that’s truly “crazy.”
The message from Trump is clear: criticizing Trump is what causes violence. Supporting Trump justifies it.
And much of the media is just letting it slide by, “reporting the facts” of what Trump said, rather than just how unhinged it is:


Thankfully, at least some in the media are calling out how ridiculous and unhinged this is, but the rush to try to normalize Trump’s rhetoric is dangerous. The underlying point remains the same: Trump just told everyone, from the Oval Office, that a murdered man basically had it coming for criticizing him too much.
Add to this Trump’s pardoning of all the January 6th criminals, the ramping up of violence by ICE and CBP in cities, and the non-stop hateful rhetoric, and Donald Trump is making it clear: violence in support of Donald Trump is noble.
And that’s fucking crazy.
The only consistency with Donald Trump is that if you support Trump, you can be as violent as you want.
The Real Reason For Boat Strike ‘Double Taps’ Is Preventing Survivors From Challenging Extrajudicial Killings In Court [Techdirt] (02:10 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
The Trump Administration’s murder-in-international-waters program debuted far ahead of its legal rationale. Many people inside the administration were blindsided by this sudden escalation. Those expected to stay on top of these things — military oversight, congressional committees, etc. — found they were even further behind the curve than the late-arriving “justification” for extrajudicial killings of alleged “narco-terrorists” that used to be handled by interdiction efforts that left everyone alive and anything of value (drugs, boats, weapons) in the hands of the US government and its foreign partners.
This was something new and horrible from a regime already known for its awfulness. Even after the belated (and then hastily revised) justification was delivered by the Office of Legal Counsel, it was difficult to see how the US government could justify extrajudicial killings of alleged “terrorists” who were — at worst — simply moving narcotics from point A to point B.
The administration’s bizarre insistence that the mere existence of an international drug trade constituted a deliberate, violent attack on America was further undercut by a lot of inconvenient facts. First of all, most of those being killed had no connection to the top levels of drug cartels. They were merely mules tasked with transporting drugs. In other cases — including the one that involved a double-tap strike (which was actually four strikes) to ensure the survivors clinging to boat wreckage could no longer be referred to as “survivors” — the drugs allegedly being trafficked were headed to midpoints that suggested the narcotics were actually headed to Europe, rather than the United States.
To be clear, this administration doesn’t actually care whether or not it engages in murder or other acts of violence. What it does care about is allowing the killing to continue for as long as possible before the system of checks and balances finally gets around to dialing back the murders a bit.
A recent article from the New York Times gives the game away, even if the lede gets a bit buried. The headline mentions a White House “scramble” to “deal with” people who survived initial extrajudicial killing attempts. In one case, two survivors were rescued by the US military after failing to die during the initial strike. The White House said they should be sent to El Salvador’s torture prison. The State Department — currently headed by Marco Rubio — said this simply wasn’t possible. Both survivors ended up being sent back to their countries of origin.
Two weeks later, another murder attempt failed to murder everyone on the boat, leading to another hasty conference call between the White House, career diplomats, and Defense Department leadership. The ultimate goal was to get rid of these people as quickly as possible, which necessarily involved hasty arrangements made with government officials in their home countries.
The real reason for these hasty talks — and the secrecy surrounding them — is this: The administration definitely doesn’t seem confident that it’s fully justified in ordering military members to engage in actual war crimes; specifically, the murder of people military bylaws make clear they are supposed to be rescuing.
The two attacks discussed above happened nearly two months after the double-tap boat strike that definitely looks like a war crime. But the Trump administration definitely isn’t going to bring back survivors to face justice by charging them and giving them their day in court. If it does that, it might lose everything it likes about murdering people in international waters.
Legal cases in the United States involving survivors would force the administration to present more information to try to back up its rationale for the attacks.
[…]
“From the administration’s point of view, there are good reasons to be averse to bringing survivors to Guantánamo Bay or to the continental United States,” [former State Dept. lawyer Brian Finucane] said.
If the U.S. military brings the survivors to the Navy-run prison at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, lawyers defending them could file a habeas corpus lawsuit in U.S. federal court questioning whether there really is an armed conflict, for legal purposes, between the United States and cartels. Congress has not authorized the United States to engage in any such conflict.
To use the ever-popular poker parlance, that’s an obvious “tell” — something that indicates the administration has very little confidence in the legal rationale for these extrajudicial killings. If it thought it’s arguments had a very good chance of holding up in court, it wouldn’t be hastily returning “narco-terrorists” to their home countries as quickly and quietly as possible, where they’ll presumably immediately resume their “narco-terrorism.”
That’s also why the first double-tap strike occurred only days into Trump’s undeclared war on alleged drug boats. As far as we know, this hasn’t been repeated, despite everyone who hasn’t already resigned from the Defense Department (or been thrown under the bus by those whose positions are unassailable thanks to their deference to Trump) claiming either ignorance of the double-strike or saying lots of stuff about “saving” the country from being murdered by inanimate fentanyl (or whatever).
Any survivor is just another chance to prove the US government wrong. And if it isn’t immediately clear survivors have somewhere to be hastily dumped, you can probably assume the military will resort to Plan B: mob-style “hits” to make sure these witnesses can’t talk.
Daily Deal: The Complete Big Data And Power BI Bundle [Techdirt] (02:05 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
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Australia’s Social Media Ban Was Pushed By Ad Agency Focused On Gambling Ads It Didn’t Want Banned [Techdirt] (12:28 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
We’ve talked about the Australian social media ban that went into effect last week, how dumb it is, and why it’s already a mess.
But late last week, some additional news broke that makes the whole thing even more grotesque: turns out the campaign pushing hardest for the ban was run by an ad agency that makes gambling ads. The same gambling ads that were facing their own potential ban—until the Australian government decided that, hey, with all the kids kicked off social media, gambling ads can stay.
Really.
That’s the latest in this incredible scoop from the Australian publication Crikey.
The big marketing campaign pushing the under-16 social media ban was called “36 Months”—framed (misleadingly) that way because they claimed that raising the social media age from 13 to 16 was keeping kids offline for an additional 36 months.
But, as Crikey details, the entire 36 Months campaign was actually planned out and created by an ad company named FINCH, which just so happened to also be working on a huge gambling ad campaign for TAB, which is a huge online betting operation in Australia. And, it wasn’t their only such campaign:
FINCH has worked on at least five gambling advertisements since 2017, according to public announcements and trade magazine reporting. Its clients include TAB Australia (a 2023 campaign called “Australia’s national sport is…”), Ladbroke, Sportsbet and CrownBet (now BetEasy).
There was staff overlap, too. Attwells’ LinkedIn lists him as both 36 Months’ managing director and FINCH’s head of communications from May to December 2024. FINCH staff worked on the 36 Months campaign.
Now, add to that the missing piece of the puzzle, which is that Australia had been investigating bans on online gambling ads, but just last month (oh, such perfect timing) it decided not to do that citing the under-16 ban as a key reason why they could leave gambling ads online.
The Murphy inquiry suggested bookmakers were grooming children with ads online, but Labor’s new social media ban on under-16s is viewed as a solution because it would, in principle, limit their exposure to such advertising online.
How very, very convenient.
This is exactly the false sense of security many ban critics warned about. Politicians and parents now think kids are magically “safe,” even though kids are trivially bypassing the ban. Meanwhile, the adults who might have educated those kids about online gambling risks—a problem that heavily targets teenage boys—now assume the government has handled it. Gambling ads stay up, kids stay online, and everyone pretends the problem is solved.
Crikey goes out of its way to say that there’s no proof that FINCH did this on behalf of their many gambling clients, but it does note that FINCH has claimed that it funded the 36 Months campaign mainly by itself, which certainly raises some questions as to why an advertising firm would do that if it didn’t have some other reason to do so.
Incredibly, Crikey notes that part of the 36 Months campaign was to attack anyone who called the social media ban into question by calling them big tech shills, even without any proof:
Spokespeople for 36 Months had previously accused an academic and youth mental health group of being bought off by big tech because of their unpaid roles on boards advising social media platforms on youth safety.
When Crikey asked them what proof they had, citing denials from those they accused, Attwells said he “hadn’t looked into it” but that they’d heard of a trend where technology companies would indirectly fund people to support work that supports “their agenda”.
“The money doesn’t go straight to them,” he said.
Yes: an ad agency funded by gambling clients, running a campaign that benefits those gambling clients, accused critics of being secretly funded by tech companies—without evidence—while claiming indirect funding is how these things work. Such projection.
There’s a famous concept around regulations known as “bootleggers and Baptists,” as a shorthand way of denoting some of the more cynical “strange bedfellows” that team up to get certain regulations in place. The canonical example, of course, being the temperance movement that sought to ban alcohol. Bootleggers (illegal, underground alcohol producers) loved the idea of prohibition, because it would greatly increase demand for their product, for which they could cash in.
But, no one wants to publicly advocate for prohibition on behalf of the bootleggers. So, you find a group to be the public face to present the cooked up moral panic, moralizing argument for the ban: the Baptists. They run around and talk about how damaging alcohol is and how it must be banned for the good of society. It’s just behind the scenes that the bootleggers looking to profit are helping move along the legislation that will do exactly that.
Here we’ve got a textbook case. The gambling industry, facing its own potential ban, appears to have had a hand in funding the moral panic campaign, complete with think-of-the-children rhetoric, that convinced the government to ban kids from social media instead. Now the gambling ads flow freely to an audience the government has declared “protected,” while the actual kids slip past the ban with zero new safeguards in place.
Instead of Bootleggers and Baptists, this time it’s Punters and Parents, or maybe Casinos and Crusaders. Either way it’s a form of regulatory capture hidden behind a silly moral panic.
A New Take on “Take” [35mmc] (11:00 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Lately I’ve been thinking a lot about the vocabulary we use in photography—specifically the words we reach for without even realising. Words like take, capture, and shoot. They’re so ingrained in photographic culture that most of us use them dozens of times a week without a second thought. But each carries its own weight, its...
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Weekend Snapshot [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:35 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Today's Weekend Snapshot highlights rides along rugged roads in three countries. Find reader-submitted scenes from Mexico, Spain, and the United States here. Plus, use the short form to share a photo from one of your recent getaways...
The post Weekend Snapshot appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Roomba maker iRobot swept into bankruptcy [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (10:24 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Roomba maker iRobot has filed for bankruptcy and will be taken over by its Chinese supplier after the company that popularized the robot vacuum cleaner fell under the weight of competition from cheaper rivals.
The US-listed group on Sunday said it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Delaware as part of a restructuring agreement with Shenzhen-based Picea Robotics, its lender and primary supplier, which will acquire all of iRobot’s shares.
The deal comes nearly two years after a proposed $1.5 billion acquisition by Amazon fell through over competition concerns from EU regulators.
Preorders Open for Significant Other Ded Reckin: From Custom to Production [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:08 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Significant Other's new Ded Reckin titanium and steel full-suspension mountain bike celebrates Ashley King's history with tons of high-end details and marks a shift from one-off custom bikes to competitively priced production models. Check out the Significant Other Ded Reckin here...
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2025 Hungarian Divide (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:30 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
BringaLand's latest video documents Mátyás Kusz's experience at the 2025 Hungarian Divide after quitting the previous year. The 50-minute video showcases the 1,400-kilometer route and an inspiring comeback story. Watch it here...
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Apidura Packable Backpack and Musette Get Redesigned [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:14 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
First launched in 2020, the Apidura Packable Backpack and Packable Musette have been refreshed with improved straps and fabrics, reflective details, and a fully PFAS-free supply chain. Find details here…
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Building the Stayer Cycles Bespoked Apocalypse Bike (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (08:59 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Craig Lambard recently released a new video documenting the process of building the Stayer Cycles Bespoked apocalypse bike. For more on this unique build, read on below…
The post Building the Stayer Cycles Bespoked Apocalypse Bike (Video) appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Literal Enshittification: ‘Smart’ Toilets Play Fast And Loose With Your Pooping Data [Techdirt] (08:24 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
In the enshittification era, companies rushing to profit off the gold mine of mass commercial surveillance are routinely intent on pushing their luck. Automakers spy on your driving habits (without telling you) to sell that data to insurance companies that raise your rates. Your ISP, phone, and even electrical meter all report on your every movement and choice, often with only middling consent.
So of course this has also now expanded to your toilet. Kohler is under fire now after a researcher discovered that the company’s smart toilet devices record all manner of sensitive data, then don’t do a particularly good job securing that information.
This entirely predictable story is centered around Kohler’s $600 Dekoda toilet attachment, which uses “optical sensors and validated machine-learning algorithms” to deliver “valuable insights into your health and wellness.” Read: it tracks how often you poop, in case you had difficulty with that.
But while Kohler explains this data on your pooping habits is “end to end encrypted,” a researcher named Simon Fondrie-Teitler found that description to be… inaccurate:
“Responses from the company make it clear that—contrary to common understanding of the term—Kohler is able to access data collected by the device and associated application. Additionally, the company states that the data collected by the device and app may be used to train AI models.”
“End-to-end encryption” (E2EE) secures transmitted data so both the recipient and the sender can read it. Ideally, it’s supposed to prevent everybody else, including the developer and host company, from reading it. Kohler’s “end to end encryption” doesn’t do that:
“I thought Kohler might actually have implemented a related data protection method known as “client-side encryption”, used by services like Apple’s iCloud and the password manager 1Password. This technique allows an application to back up a user’s data to the developers servers, or synchronize data between multiple devices owned by a user, without allowing anyone but the user to access the data.
But emails exchanged with Kohler’s privacy contact clarified that the other “end” that can decrypt the data is Kohler themselves: “User data is encrypted at rest, when it’s stored on the user’s mobile phone, toilet attachment, and on our systems. Data in transit is also encrypted end-to-end, as it travels between the user’s devices and our systems, where it is decrypted and processed to provide our service.”
Why is Kohler pushing its luck here and distorting the definition of end to end encryption? Because it’s not satisfied with charging you $600 for the hardware. It wants in on the cash flow generated by selling data on your every habit to a vast, largely unregulated cabal of dodgy data brokers, who in turn historically have done a piss poor job securing private data from bad actors.
And while your electrical usage, pooping habits, and daily movement habits individually may not seem like much of a threat, this data is often unified under profiles by both corporations and global governments (which refuse to regulate these markets because it allows them to avoid warrants) as part of our ever-expanding mass, hyper-commercialized surveillance state.
Why does the government and an unregulated coalition of global corporations need data on how often you poop in a system with almost zero real world accountability for privacy abuses? Why ask why! Just sit back and enjoy the innovation.
Companies, like Kohler does here, will often try to dodge responsibility for bad choices by also insisting this data is “anonymized,” but that’s always been a gibberish term. Here in the States, it’s the inevitable enshittified outcome of our corrupt inability to pass even basic internet privacy protections, or implement meaningful corporate oversight. So this sort of shitty behavior will only get worse from here.
Frozen Light – My photo of the year 2025 [35mmc] (08:00 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
I took this picture on a bitterly cold January morning while crossing a bridge on the St. Croix River in Minnesota. The temperature was well below zero, the kind of cold that makes every breath visibile and every sound sharper. The sun had just come over the hill, and those early beams lit up the...
The post Frozen Light – My photo of the year 2025 appeared first on 35mmc.
Across Andes 2025: More Women in Ultra-Cycling [BIKEPACKING.com] (07:37 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
The 2025 Across Andes event in Chile saw a record number of women participating, a milestone that has been shaped over the last six events and spearheaded by folks such as Sami Sauri. Find a stunning selection of photos from this year's event, paired with an introduction from founder Mariano López and a reflection from Sami here...
The post Across Andes 2025: More Women in Ultra-Cycling appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Across Andes 2025: More Women in Ultra-Cycling [BIKEPACKING.com] (07:37 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
The 2025 Across Andes event in Chile saw a record number of women participating, a milestone shaped over the last six events and spearheaded by folks such as Sami Sauri. Find a stunning selection of photos from this year's event, paired with an introduction from founder Mariano López and a reflection from Sami here...
The post Across Andes 2025: More Women in Ultra-Cycling appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Chroma Camera CubePan – A Review, and my Journey into Panoramic Photography [35mmc] (05:00 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
So despite having a number of cameras (all film) – three Leica rangefinders (don’t judge!), a Leica SLR, bought for a specific purpose, which I don’t use any more and will sell, a Rolleicord 6×6 TLR, an old 6×9 folder (also to be moved on), and as of this week an MPP large format 5×4...
The post Chroma Camera CubePan – A Review, and my Journey into Panoramic Photography appeared first on 35mmc.
Appalachian School of Law considers merger with Roanoke College amid financial challenges [Cardinal News] (04:45 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

The Appalachian School of Law in Grundy is considering a merger with Roanoke College due to low enrollment and a lack of money.
The Buchanan County Board of Supervisors discussed the potential change during an emergency meeting Friday that was called just a day prior.
It’s unclear why the meeting sprang up so unexpectedly. At the start of the meeting, board chair Craig Stiltner said its purpose was to decide whether to allow the private law school to merge with Roanoke College in Salem. Stiltner said that both the board of supervisors and the county industrial development authority would need to OK such a move.
The school was founded in 1994 in part to boost Buchanan County’s economy. A 1996 agreement between the law school and Buchanan County granted ASL its academic and library buildings, along with some renovation and operations funding.
ASL president and dean David Western did not respond to an interview request on Friday about whether the terms of the compact could limit the school’s relocation options.
Toward the end of the nearly four-hour meeting, the board voted unanimously to table the issue and send it to a committee for further study. Stiltner and supervisor Trey Adkins will lead that committee.
“Roanoke College has been involved in confidential conversations with the Appalachian School of Law,” a spokesperson for the private college said in a statement late Friday. “We believe in their mission and although there are many details to consider, we remain eager about what could be possible together. At this time, no formal agreement has been met, but we will keep you apprised of any developments.”
Roanoke College, which has about 1,760 full-time students, does not have a law program of its own. College President Frank Shushok Jr. was present via Zoom for part of the meeting but did not speak.
A key point repeated by supervisors and a few stakeholders at the meeting, including representatives of the nearby Appalachian College of Pharmacy, was that the relocation of the school could be a major blow for the rural county’s economy.
Fewer than 200 students attend ASL, which employs around 40 full-time faculty and staff.
Buchanan County had a population of about 20,000 in 2020, according to Census Bureau data. Estimates from the Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service at the University of Virginia show that the county’s population has dropped to about 19,000 over the past five years.
“Buchanan County has made tremendous efforts to diversify the economy and the law school is a leading example,” Del. Will Morefield, R-Tazewell County, said in a statement Friday. “For the law school leadership to wait until the last minute to propose such a significant change to [the] Board of Supervisors is unacceptable. The leadership of the law school should make every effort to work with local leaders to ensure the school remains in Buchanan County.”
Infrastructure constraints in the county are part of the college’s struggle to remain open, Western said by Zoom during Friday’s meeting.
“Even though we have [students] that are interested in coming to law school, we have no more houses on our housing list to help our students go to school here,” he said.
He also said that stricter federal student loan limits for graduate students under the Trump administration have made it more difficult for some prospective students to commit to attending.
The law school charges tuition of nearly $42,000, though Western confirmed to the board of supervisors Friday that tuition tends to get heavily discounted to recruit students, sometimes by as much as 70%.
ASL currently has 184 students, Western said, but in order for the school to be sustainable, it needs 300 students enrolled.
The law school currently has a deficit of $500,000, Western said. Two years ago, it had a nearly $4 million deficit, he said.
ASL doesn’t have the cash flow to keep it afloat for much longer, Western said.
He told supervisors that the school needs about $2.5 million to remain open through spring 2026. For it to survive longer-term, it needs funds closer to $10 million.
Right now, the law school doesn’t have enough cash to show the American Bar Association, its accreditor, that it has sufficient money to teach out current classes if it were to close, Western said.
Supervisors expressed concerns that without financial help from the county, the school would close or leave. But they also worried that continuing to support ASL may not ensure long-term sustainability for it.
“If you walk away from hard, you’re only going to find more hard,” supervisor Jeff Cooper said.
The discussion about the future of ASL on Friday overlapped with conversation about the possibility of Buchanan General Hospital partnering with the University of Pikeville in Kentucky on a medical school program.
A representative from that university attended via Zoom, but did not speak because Adkins demanded the meeting only cover the law school issue, the sole agenda item for which it had been called.
Hospital leaders did not respond to a request for comment on Friday.
Dwayne Yancey contributed information to this report.
The post Appalachian School of Law considers merger with Roanoke College amid financial challenges appeared first on Cardinal News.
Appalachian School of Law considers merger with Roanoke College amid financial challenges [Cardinal News] (04:45 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

The Appalachian School of Law in Grundy is considering a merger with Roanoke College due to low enrollment and a lack of money.
The Buchanan County Board of Supervisors discussed the potential change during an emergency meeting Friday that was called just a day prior.
It’s unclear why the meeting sprang up so unexpectedly. At the start of the meeting, board chair Craig Stiltner said its purpose was to decide whether to allow the private law school to merge with Roanoke College in Salem. Stiltner said that both the board of supervisors and the county industrial development authority would need to OK such a move.
The school was founded in 1994 in part to boost Buchanan County’s economy. A 1996 agreement between the law school and Buchanan County granted ASL its academic and library buildings, along with some renovation and operations funding.
ASL president and dean David Western did not respond to an interview request on Friday about whether the terms of the compact could limit the school’s relocation options.
Toward the end of the nearly four-hour meeting, the board voted unanimously to table the issue and send it to a committee for further study. Stiltner and supervisor Trey Adkins will lead that committee.
“Roanoke College has been involved in confidential conversations with the Appalachian School of Law,” a spokesperson for the private college said in a statement late Friday. “We believe in their mission and although there are many details to consider, we remain eager about what could be possible together. At this time, no formal agreement has been met, but we will keep you apprised of any developments.”
Roanoke College, which has about 1,760 full-time students, does not have a law program of its own. College President Frank Shushok Jr. was present via Zoom for part of the meeting but did not speak.
A key point repeated by supervisors and a few stakeholders at the meeting, including representatives of the nearby Appalachian College of Pharmacy, was that the relocation of the school could be a major blow for the rural county’s economy.
Fewer than 200 students attend ASL, which employs around 40 full-time faculty and staff.
Buchanan County had a population of about 20,000 in 2020, according to Census Bureau data. Estimates from the Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service at the University of Virginia show that the county’s population has dropped to about 19,000 over the past five years.
“Buchanan County has made tremendous efforts to diversify the economy and the law school is a leading example,” Del. Will Morefield, R-Tazewell County, said in a statement Friday. “For the law school leadership to wait until the last minute to propose such a significant change to [the] Board of Supervisors is unacceptable. The leadership of the law school should make every effort to work with local leaders to ensure the school remains in Buchanan County.”
Infrastructure constraints in the county are part of the college’s struggle to remain open, Western said by Zoom during Friday’s meeting.
“Even though we have [students] that are interested in coming to law school, we have no more houses on our housing list to help our students go to school here,” he said.
He also said that stricter federal student loan limits for graduate students under the Trump administration have made it more difficult for some prospective students to commit to attending.
The law school charges tuition of nearly $42,000, though Western confirmed to the board of supervisors Friday that tuition tends to get heavily discounted to recruit students, sometimes by as much as 70%.
ASL currently has 184 students, Western said, but in order for the school to be sustainable, it needs 300 students enrolled.
The law school currently has a deficit of $500,000, Western said. Two years ago, it had a nearly $4 million deficit, he said.
ASL doesn’t have the cash flow to keep it afloat for much longer, Western said.
He told supervisors that the school needs about $2.5 million to remain open through spring 2026. For it to survive longer-term, it needs funds closer to $10 million.
Right now, the law school doesn’t have enough cash to show the American Bar Association, its accreditor, that it has sufficient money to teach out current classes if it were to close, Western said.
Supervisors expressed concerns that without financial help from the county, the school would close or leave. But they also worried that continuing to support ASL may not ensure long-term sustainability for it.
“If you walk away from hard, you’re only going to find more hard,” supervisor Jeff Cooper said.
The discussion about the future of ASL on Friday overlapped with conversation about the possibility of Buchanan General Hospital partnering with the University of Pikeville in Kentucky on a medical school program.
A representative from that university attended via Zoom, but did not speak because Adkins demanded the meeting only cover the law school issue, the sole agenda item for which it had been called.
Hospital leaders did not respond to a request for comment on Friday.
Dwayne Yancey contributed information to this report.
The post Appalachian School of Law considers merger with Roanoke College amid financial challenges appeared first on Cardinal News.
James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is more than 4 times higher than all the other schools put together. [Cardinal News] (04:15 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

(Updated: A previous version incorrectly gave a different figure in the headline.)
After the NCAA announced the 12 teams that made this year’s College Football Playoff, a friend messaged me: “So how does it feel to be an alumnus of a football powerhouse?”
My alma mater, James Madison University, snuck in as the No. 12 seed — the only Virginia team to make the field.
The way JMU made the cut is somewhat controversial, although that controversy has little to nothing to do with the Harrisonburg school and everything to do with the convoluted nature of college football.
The top 10 teams as ranked by the CFP selection committee made it in, but numbers 11-19 did not. Instead, Tulane (ranked 20th) and James Madison (ranked 24th) did. Why? Rules, complicated rules meant to acknowledge the winners of lesser conferences such as the American Conference (won by Tulane) and the Sun Belt (JMU). That means No. 11 Notre Dame, which might be a better team than many of the ones that did get a bid, stays at home.
If all that matters to you, well, you probably know all that already because it’s been all over sports talk shows. Maybe the CFP rules are dumb. Maybe Notre Dame is greedy, because it insists on remaining an independent, which puts it at a disadvantage under these selection rules. Like I said, tune into sports talk radio and they’re probably still arguing about all this.
All we need to know for our purposes today is that JMU is in — and that this column has very little to do with sports.
JMU stands out from this playoff bracket of 12 in several ways.
It’s not because the school is named after a person — Tulane is, as well.
It’s not the youngest school in the field, either. Texas Tech was established in 1923, a full 15 years after The State Normal and Industrial School for Women opened in Harrisonburg in 1908.
JMU is unusual because it’s the only one of the 12 schools that began as a women’s college.
It’s the only one whose nickname comes from a person’s name — the Dukes are named after former president Samuel Duke. (After all, James Madison didn’t think much of the dukes of British royalty.)
JMU is also the only school in the final 12 that has purple and gold as its colors.
But that’s not why we’re here today.
What really makes JMU stand out is this: It has the highest mandatory student fee for intercollegiate athletics of any of these 12 schools.
Some of the schools don’t have any. When I started researching this, the media relations department at the University of Alabama asked me what in the world I was talking about — Alabama doesn’t have such a thing. I had to explain how Virginia colleges work — and how out-of-line JMU is even within Virginia.
Let’s sketch this out the way a coach might diagram a trick play.
If you attend a public college in Virginia, you have to pay tuition (unless you’re blessed with a full-ride scholarship) as well as certain “mandatory fees.”
These vary from school to school. They generally cover parking, student health services and intramural sports. They always include “student union and recreational fees.” And they always include something else: mandatory fees for intercollegiate athletics. You can see the full list here:

Maybe you never need to use the student health system, but the theory for charging a mandatory fee is that every student might need it at some point. I’m not going to quibble over intramural sports, which some students may never play, and go straight to that line for intercollegiate athletics — which only a relative handful of students are ever going to play. While in theory any student could “walk on” to the team, the reality is that’s almost impossible. When I was at JMU back in the dark ages, I played on an intramural softball team simply by virtue of signing up — nobody asked if I could hit or field (and my subsequent lack of a professional sports career suggests I couldn’t). However, there was no way I was going to be allowed to play on one of the official teams, but we all had to pay for them anyway.
I call your attention to several things on this chart. You can skip the bottom two lines, which are two-year schools, Richard Bland College and the Virginia Community College System. At all but two of the four-year schools — George Mason and the University of Virginia are the exceptions — the mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics is the highest of any fee.
At all but three — those two plus Virginia Tech — that mandatory fee is more than $1,000 per year. That will drop to two over the next few years; this fall, the Virginia Tech board of visitors voted 12-1 to raise the fee to help generate more money for athletics. (This was a board whose members are all appointed by Gov. Glenn Youngkin, so this is a striking example of Republican appointees voting for what amounts to a tax increase.)
At six schools, the mandatory fee tops $2,000 per year. At three, it tops $3,000. At one (Virginia Military Institute), it tops $4,000.
JMU is in that $3,000 range: $3,036 per year.
Let’s be clear: The figure is that high because JMU has chosen to pursue big-time college sports (particularly football) even though it’s not a big television draw (the way Notre Dame is) or in a conference with a big TV contract (the way Virginia and Virginia Tech are) or a conference with an even bigger TV contract (the way most of these other playoff schools are).
JMU is essentially taxing its students to help fund its big-time college athletic ambitions — and that clearly seems to be paying off, at least in terms of this year’s playoff.
Why, though, must students be forced to pay for that? If deep-pocketed boosters (the adjective knocks me out) or the free market don’t supply the funds for JMU to play at that level, why must my alma mater shake down teenagers (or their parents) to make up the difference?
When the Dukes take the field against the Ducks on Dec. 20 in Eugene, Oregon, JMU will be playing a school where students don’t have to pay any mandatory fees for athletics. The University of Oregon did away with those fees in 2021; it used university licensing fees to make up the difference.
Of the 12 schools in the playoffs, seven appear to have no mandatory athletic fees based on their published fee schedule, recently published news accounts or an email confimation to Cardinal (Alabama, Indiana, Mississippi, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon and Texas A&M). So more than half the schools in the field don’t make students pay for intercollegiate athletics.
Four other schools in the football playoffs do have mandatory fees for athletics, but the numbers are much smaller than any school in Virginia charges: $122.40 at Texas Tech, $126 at Georgia, $170 at Miami and $280 at Tulane.
Let’s put this another way: JMU’s mandatory student fees for athletics are more than four times higher than all the other College Football Playoff schools combined. (Updated: A previous version incorrectly gave a different figure.)
We’ll find out whether JMU is out of its depth on the football field, but we can say now that JMU’s mandatory fees are way out of line with these other schools. As the chart above shows, this isn’t just a JMU issue; it’s a Virginia issue — JMU stands out only by degree.
So for those schools that don’t charge any mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics, or don’t charge much, how do they fund their programs? One thing we see is that most of those schools play in “power” conferences that have huge television contracts. Two years ago, Sportico, a news site that focuses on the business of sports, published a report on mandatory fees across the country. The lowest fees were in the two conferences with the biggest TV contracts (and the biggest brand names): the Big Ten and the Southeastern Conference. That Sportico report said about half the schools in those leagues had no mandatory fee; the highest at the time in the Big Ten was $718 at Rutgers; in the SEC, it was $1,374 at Auburn. By contrast, the conference with the highest mandatory fees was the one in which JMU plays — the Sun Belt. Coastal Carolina, which plays in the Sun Belt, had the highest fees in that report: $3,634.
Here’s another way to measure these fees: as a percentage of the total cost that students must pay.
At JMU, tuition and fees for in-state students for the 2025-26 school year are $14,300. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 21.2% of that.
For a student who lives on campus, the cost of room and board is another $14,212 for a total of $28,512. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 10.6% of that.
That’s not the highest percentage in Virginia. At VMI, it’s 14.0% of tuition, room and board. However, JMU’s is one of the highest. The statewide average, based on computations I made from data available from the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia, is 6.8%. At Virginia Tech, 4.4% of tuition, room and board is for mandatory athletic fees. At the University of Virginia, it’s 3.9%.
Our governor-elect, Abigail Spanberger, was elected on a platform of making life more affordable in Virginia. Here’s one place she could start: Ask the legislature to repeal the law that allows these mandatory fees. If they were banned, she could reduce the cost of a Virginia student attending a state-supported four-year school by an average of 6.8%. That would seem to be a big affordability talking point.
Otherwise, Richmond is complicit in a scheme whereby we force college students to subsidize what are increasingly professional sports programs — something not even the Alabamas and Ohio States of the football world do.
If any state legislator or college official would like to defend these mandatory fees, let me know and I’ll ask you to write an opinion piece to counter this. In the meantime, what do you, our readers, think on this subject? You can weigh in here.
Want more political news? Sign up for our weekly political newsletter, West of the Capital:
The post James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is more than 4 times higher than all the other schools put together. appeared first on Cardinal News.
James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is more than 4 times higher than all the other schools put together. [Cardinal News] (04:15 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

(Updated: A previous version incorrectly gave a different figure in the headline.)
Got something to say about this column? You can weigh in here.
After the NCAA announced the 12 teams that made this year’s College Football Playoff, a friend messaged me: “So how does it feel to be an alumnus of a football powerhouse?”
My alma mater, James Madison University, snuck in as the No. 12 seed — the only Virginia team to make the field.
The way JMU made the cut is somewhat controversial, although that controversy has little to nothing to do with the Harrisonburg school and everything to do with the convoluted nature of college football.
The top 10 teams as ranked by the CFP selection committee made it in, but numbers 11-19 did not. Instead, Tulane (ranked 20th) and James Madison (ranked 24th) did. Why? Rules, complicated rules meant to acknowledge the winners of lesser conferences such as the American Conference (won by Tulane) and the Sun Belt (JMU). That means No. 11 Notre Dame, which might be a better team than many of the ones that did get a bid, stays at home.
If all that matters to you, well, you probably know all that already because it’s been all over sports talk shows. Maybe the CFP rules are dumb. Maybe Notre Dame is greedy, because it insists on remaining an independent, which puts it at a disadvantage under these selection rules. Like I said, tune into sports talk radio and they’re probably still arguing about all this.
All we need to know for our purposes today is that JMU is in — and that this column has very little to do with sports.
JMU stands out from this playoff bracket of 12 in several ways.
It’s not because the school is named after a person — Tulane is, as well.
It’s not the youngest school in the field, either. Texas Tech was established in 1923, a full 15 years after The State Normal and Industrial School for Women opened in Harrisonburg in 1908.
JMU is unusual because it’s the only one of the 12 schools that began as a women’s college.
It’s the only one whose nickname comes from a person’s name — the Dukes are named after former president Samuel Duke. (After all, James Madison didn’t think much of the dukes of British royalty.)
JMU is also the only school in the final 12 that has purple and gold as its colors.
But that’s not why we’re here today.
What really makes JMU stand out is this: It has the highest mandatory student fee for intercollegiate athletics of any of these 12 schools.
Some of the schools don’t have any. When I started researching this, the media relations department at the University of Alabama asked me what in the world I was talking about — Alabama doesn’t have such a thing. I had to explain how Virginia colleges work — and how out-of-line JMU is even within Virginia.
Let’s sketch this out the way a coach might diagram a trick play.
If you attend a public college in Virginia, you have to pay tuition (unless you’re blessed with a full-ride scholarship) as well as certain “mandatory fees.”
These vary from school to school. They generally cover parking, student health services and intramural sports. They always include “student union and recreational fees.” And they always include something else: mandatory fees for intercollegiate athletics. You can see the full list here:

Maybe you never need to use the student health system, but the theory for charging a mandatory fee is that every student might need it at some point. I’m not going to quibble over intramural sports, which some students may never play, and go straight to that line for intercollegiate athletics — which only a relative handful of students are ever going to play. While in theory any student could “walk on” to the team, the reality is that’s almost impossible. When I was at JMU back in the dark ages, I played on an intramural softball team simply by virtue of signing up — nobody asked if I could hit or field (and my subsequent lack of a professional sports career suggests I couldn’t). However, there was no way I was going to be allowed to play on one of the official teams, but we all had to pay for them anyway.
I call your attention to several things on this chart. You can skip the bottom two lines, which are two-year schools, Richard Bland College and the Virginia Community College System. At all but two of the four-year schools — George Mason and the University of Virginia are the exceptions — the mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics is the highest of any fee.
At all but three — those two plus Virginia Tech — that mandatory fee is more than $1,000 per year. That will drop to two over the next few years; this fall, the Virginia Tech board of visitors voted 12-1 to raise the fee to help generate more money for athletics. (This was a board whose members are all appointed by Gov. Glenn Youngkin, so this is a striking example of Republican appointees voting for what amounts to a tax increase.)
At six schools, the mandatory fee tops $2,000 per year. At three, it tops $3,000. At one (Virginia Military Institute), it tops $4,000.
JMU is in that $3,000 range: $3,036 per year.
Let’s be clear: The figure is that high because JMU has chosen to pursue big-time college sports (particularly football) even though it’s not a big television draw (the way Notre Dame is) or in a conference with a big TV contract (the way Virginia and Virginia Tech are) or a conference with an even bigger TV contract (the way most of these other playoff schools are).
JMU is essentially taxing its students to help fund its big-time college athletic ambitions — and that clearly seems to be paying off, at least in terms of this year’s playoff.
Why, though, must students be forced to pay for that? If deep-pocketed boosters (the adjective knocks me out) or the free market don’t supply the funds for JMU to play at that level, why must my alma mater shake down teenagers (or their parents) to make up the difference?
When the Dukes take the field against the Ducks on Dec. 20 in Eugene, Oregon, JMU will be playing a school where students don’t have to pay any mandatory fees for athletics. The University of Oregon did away with those fees in 2021; it used university licensing fees to make up the difference.
Of the 12 schools in the playoffs, seven appear to have no mandatory athletic fees based on their published fee schedule, recently published news accounts or an email confimation to Cardinal (Alabama, Indiana, Mississippi, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon and Texas A&M). So more than half the schools in the field don’t make students pay for intercollegiate athletics.
Four other schools in the football playoffs do have mandatory fees for athletics, but the numbers are much smaller than any school in Virginia charges: $122.40 at Texas Tech, $126 at Georgia, $170 at Miami and $280 at Tulane.
Let’s put this another way: JMU’s mandatory student fees for athletics are more than four times higher than all the other College Football Playoff schools combined.(Updated: A previous version incorrectly gave a different figure.)
We’ll find out whether JMU is out of its depth on the football field, but we can say now that JMU’s mandatory fees are way out of line with these other schools. As the chart above shows, this isn’t just a JMU issue; it’s a Virginia issue — JMU stands out only by degree.
So for those schools that don’t charge any mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics, or don’t charge much, how do they fund their programs? One thing we see is that most of those schools play in “power” conferences that have huge television contracts. Two years ago, Sportico, a news site that focuses on the business of sports, published a report on mandatory fees across the country. The lowest fees were in the two conferences with the biggest TV contracts (and the biggest brand names): the Big Ten and the Southeastern Conference. That Sportico report said about half the schools in those leagues had no mandatory fee; the highest at the time in the Big Ten was $718 at Rutgers; in the SEC, it was $1,374 at Auburn. By contrast, the conference with the highest mandatory fees was the one in which JMU plays — the Sun Belt. Coastal Carolina, which plays in the Sun Belt, had the highest fees in that report: $3,634.
Here’s another way to measure these fees: as a percentage of the total cost that students must pay.
At JMU, tuition and fees for in-state students for the 2025-26 school year are $14,300. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 21.2% of that.
For a student who lives on campus, the cost of room and board is another $14,212 for a total of $28,512. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 10.6% of that.
That’s not the highest percentage in Virginia. At VMI, it’s 14.0% of tuition, room and board. However, JMU’s is one of the highest. The statewide average, based on computations I made from data available from the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia, is 6.8%. At Virginia Tech, 4.4% of tuition, room and board is for mandatory athletic fees. At the University of Virginia, it’s 3.9%.
Our governor-elect, Abigail Spanberger, was elected on a platform of making life more affordable in Virginia. Here’s one place she could start: Ask the legislature to repeal the law that allows these mandatory fees. If they were banned, she could reduce the cost of a Virginia student attending a state-supported four-year school by an average of 6.8%. That would seem to be a big affordability talking point.
Otherwise, Richmond is complicit in a scheme whereby we force college students to subsidize what are increasingly professional sports programs — something not even the Alabamas and Ohio States of the football world do.
If any state legislator or college official would like to defend these mandatory fees, let me know and I’ll ask you to write an opinion piece to counter this. In the meantime, what do you, our readers, think on this subject? You can weigh in here.
Want more political news? Sign up for our weekly political newsletter, West of the Capital:
The post James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is more than 4 times higher than all the other schools put together. appeared first on Cardinal News.
James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is 23 times higher than all the other schools put together. [Cardinal News] (04:15 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

After the NCAA announced the 12 teams that made this year’s College Football Playoff, a friend messaged me: “So how does it feel to be an alumnus of a football powerhouse?”
My alma mater, James Madison University, snuck in as the No. 12 seed — the only Virginia team to make the field.
The way JMU made the cut is somewhat controversial, although that controversy has little to nothing to do with the Harrisonburg school and everything to do with the convoluted nature of college football.
The top 10 teams as ranked by the CFP selection committee made it in, but numbers 11-19 did not. Instead, Tulane (ranked 20th) and James Madison (ranked 24th) did. Why? Rules, complicated rules meant to acknowledge the winners of lesser conferences such as the American Conference (won by Tulane) and the Sun Belt (JMU). That means No. 11 Notre Dame, which might be a better team than many of the ones that did get a bid, stays at home.
If all that matters to you, well, you probably know all that already because it’s been all over sports talk shows. Maybe the CFP rules are dumb. Maybe Notre Dame is greedy, because it insists on remaining an independent, which puts it at a disadvantage under these selection rules. Like I said, tune into sports talk radio and they’re probably still arguing about all this.
All we need to know for our purposes today is that JMU is in — and that this column has very little to do with sports.
JMU stands out from this playoff bracket of 12 in several ways.
It’s not because the school is named after a person — Tulane is, as well.
It’s not the youngest school in the field, either. Texas Tech was established in 1923, a full 15 years after The State Normal and Industrial School for Women opened in Harrisonburg in 1908.
JMU is unusual because it’s the only one of the 12 schools that began as a women’s college.
It’s the only one whose nickname comes from a person’s name — the Dukes are named after former president Samuel Duke. (After all, James Madison didn’t think much of the dukes of British royalty.)
JMU is also the only school in the final 12 that has purple and gold as its colors.
But that’s not why we’re here today.
What really makes JMU stand out is this: It has the highest mandatory student fee for intercollegiate athletics of any of these 12 schools.
Some of the schools don’t have any. When I started researching this, the media relations department at the University of Alabama asked me what in the world I was talking about — Alabama doesn’t have such a thing. I had to explain how Virginia colleges work — and how out-of-line JMU is even within Virginia.
Let’s sketch this out the way a coach might diagram a trick play.
If you attend a public college in Virginia, you have to pay tuition (unless you’re blessed with a full-ride scholarship) as well as certain “mandatory fees.”
These vary from school to school. They generally cover parking, student health services and intramural sports. They always include “student union and recreational fees.” And they always include something else: mandatory fees for intercollegiate athletics. You can see the full list here:

Maybe you never need to use the student health system, but the theory for charging a mandatory fee is that every student might need it at some point. I’m not going to quibble over intramural sports, which some students may never play, and go straight to that line for intercollegiate athletics — which only a relative handful of students are ever going to play. While in theory any student could “walk on” to the team, the reality is that’s almost impossible. When I was at JMU back in the dark ages, I played on an intramural softball team simply by virtue of signing up — nobody asked if I could hit or field (and my subsequent lack of a professional sports career suggests I couldn’t). However, there was no way I was going to be allowed to play on one of the official teams, but we all had to pay for them anyway.
I call your attention to several things on this chart. You can skip the bottom two lines, which are two-year schools, Richard Bland College and the Virginia Community College System. At all but two of the four-year schools — George Mason and the University of Virginia are the exceptions — the mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics is the highest of any fee.
At all but three — those two plus Virginia Tech — that mandatory fee is more than $1,000 per year. That will drop to two over the next few years; this fall, the Virginia Tech board of visitors voted 12-1 to raise the fee to help generate more money for athletics. (This was a board whose members are all appointed by Gov. Glenn Youngkin, so this is a striking example of Republican appointees voting for what amounts to a tax increase.)
At six schools, the mandatory fee tops $2,000 per year. At three, it tops $3,000. At one (Virginia Military Institute), it tops $4,000.
JMU is in that $3,000 range: $3,036 per year.
Let’s be clear: The figure is that high because JMU has chosen to pursue big-time college sports (particularly football) even though it’s not a big television draw (the way Notre Dame is) or in a conference with a big TV contract (the way Virginia and Virginia Tech are) or a conference with an even bigger TV contract (the way most of these other playoff schools are).
JMU is essentially taxing its students to help fund its big-time college athletic ambitions — and that clearly seems to be paying off, at least in terms of this year’s playoff.
Why, though, must students be forced to pay for that? If deep-pocketed boosters (the adjective knocks me out) or the free market don’t supply the funds for JMU to play at that level, why must my alma mater shake down teenagers (or their parents) to make up the difference?
When the Dukes take the field against the Ducks on Dec. 20 in Eugene, Oregon, JMU will be playing a school where students don’t have to pay any mandatory fees for athletics. The University of Oregon did away with those fees in 2021; it used university licensing fees to make up the difference.
Of the 12 schools in the playoffs, seven appear to have no mandatory athletic fees based on their published fee schedule, recently published news accounts or an email confimation to Cardinal (Alabama, Indiana, Mississippi, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon and Texas A&M). So more than half the schools in the field don’t make students pay for intercollegiate athletics.
Four other schools in the football playoffs do have mandatory fees for athletics, but the numbers are much smaller than any school in Virginia charges: $122.40 at Texas Tech, $126 at Georgia, $170 at Miami and $280 at Tulane.
Let’s put this another way: JMU’s mandatory student fees for athletics are 23 times higher than all the other College Football Playoff schools combined.
We’ll find out whether JMU is out of its depth on the football field, but we can say now that JMU’s mandatory fees are way out of line with these other schools. As the chart above shows, this isn’t just a JMU issue; it’s a Virginia issue — JMU stands out only by degree.
So for those schools that don’t charge any mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics, or don’t charge much, how do they fund their programs? One thing we see is that most of those schools play in “power” conferences that have huge television contracts. Two years ago, Sportico, a news site that focuses on the business of sports, published a report on mandatory fees across the country. The lowest fees were in the two conferences with the biggest TV contracts (and the biggest brand names): the Big Ten and the Southeastern Conference. That Sportico report said about half the schools in those leagues had no mandatory fee; the highest at the time in the Big Ten was $718 at Rutgers; in the SEC, it was $1,374 at Auburn. By contrast, the conference with the highest mandatory fees was the one in which JMU plays — the Sun Belt. Coastal Carolina, which plays in the Sun Belt, had the highest fees in that report: $3,634.
Here’s another way to measure these fees: as a percentage of the total cost that students must pay.
At JMU, tuition and fees for in-state students for the 2025-26 school year are $14,300. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 21.2% of that.
For a student who lives on campus, the cost of room and board is another $14,212 for a total of $28,512. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 10.6% of that.
That’s not the highest percentage in Virginia. At VMI, it’s 14.0% of tuition, room and board. However, JMU’s is one of the highest. The statewide average, based on computations I made from data available from the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia, is 6.8%. At Virginia Tech, 4.4% of tuition, room and board is for mandatory athletic fees. At the University of Virginia, it’s 3.9%.
Our governor-elect, Abigail Spanberger, was elected on a platform of making life more affordable in Virginia. Here’s one place she could start: Ask the legislature to repeal the law that allows these mandatory fees. If they were banned, she could reduce the cost of a Virginia student attending a state-supported four-year school by an average of 6.8%. That would seem to be a big affordability talking point.
Otherwise, Richmond is complicit in a scheme whereby we force college students to subsidize what are increasingly professional sports programs — something not even the Alabamas and Ohio States of the football world do.
If any state legislator or college official would like to defend these mandatory fees, let me know and I’ll ask you to write an opinion piece to counter this. In the meantime, what do you, our readers, think on this subject? You can weigh in here.
Want more political news? Sign up for our weekly political newsletter, West of the Capital:
The post James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is 23 times higher than all the other schools put together. appeared first on Cardinal News.
James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is more than 4 times higher than all the other schools put together. [Cardinal News] (04:15 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

(Updated: A previous version incorrectly gave a different figure in the headline.)
Got something to say about this column? You can weigh in here.
After the NCAA announced the 12 teams that made this year’s College Football Playoff, a friend messaged me: “So how does it feel to be an alumnus of a football powerhouse?”
My alma mater, James Madison University, snuck in as the No. 12 seed — the only Virginia team to make the field.
The way JMU made the cut is somewhat controversial, although that controversy has little to nothing to do with the Harrisonburg school and everything to do with the convoluted nature of college football.
The top 10 teams as ranked by the CFP selection committee made it in, but numbers 11-19 did not. Instead, Tulane (ranked 20th) and James Madison (ranked 24th) did. Why? Rules, complicated rules meant to acknowledge the winners of lesser conferences such as the American Conference (won by Tulane) and the Sun Belt (JMU). That means No. 11 Notre Dame, which might be a better team than many of the ones that did get a bid, stays at home.
If all that matters to you, well, you probably know all that already because it’s been all over sports talk shows. Maybe the CFP rules are dumb. Maybe Notre Dame is greedy, because it insists on remaining an independent, which puts it at a disadvantage under these selection rules. Like I said, tune into sports talk radio and they’re probably still arguing about all this.
All we need to know for our purposes today is that JMU is in — and that this column has very little to do with sports.
JMU stands out from this playoff bracket of 12 in several ways.
It’s not because the school is named after a person — Tulane is, as well.
It’s not the youngest school in the field, either. Texas Tech was established in 1923, a full 15 years after The State Normal and Industrial School for Women opened in Harrisonburg in 1908.
JMU is unusual because it’s the only one of the 12 schools that began as a women’s college.
It’s the only one whose nickname comes from a person’s name — the Dukes are named after former president Samuel Duke. (After all, James Madison didn’t think much of the dukes of British royalty.)
JMU is also the only school in the final 12 that has purple and gold as its colors.
But that’s not why we’re here today.
What really makes JMU stand out is this: It has the highest mandatory student fee for intercollegiate athletics of any of these 12 schools.
Some of the schools don’t have any. When I started researching this, the media relations department at the University of Alabama asked me what in the world I was talking about — Alabama doesn’t have such a thing. I had to explain how Virginia colleges work — and how out-of-line JMU is even within Virginia.
Let’s sketch this out the way a coach might diagram a trick play.
If you attend a public college in Virginia, you have to pay tuition (unless you’re blessed with a full-ride scholarship) as well as certain “mandatory fees.”
These vary from school to school. They generally cover parking, student health services and intramural sports. They always include “student union and recreational fees.” And they always include something else: mandatory fees for intercollegiate athletics. You can see the full list here:

Maybe you never need to use the student health system, but the theory for charging a mandatory fee is that every student might need it at some point. I’m not going to quibble over intramural sports, which some students may never play, and go straight to that line for intercollegiate athletics — which only a relative handful of students are ever going to play. While in theory any student could “walk on” to the team, the reality is that’s almost impossible. When I was at JMU back in the dark ages, I played on an intramural softball team simply by virtue of signing up — nobody asked if I could hit or field (and my subsequent lack of a professional sports career suggests I couldn’t). However, there was no way I was going to be allowed to play on one of the official teams, but we all had to pay for them anyway.
I call your attention to several things on this chart. You can skip the bottom two lines, which are two-year schools, Richard Bland College and the Virginia Community College System. At all but two of the four-year schools — George Mason and the University of Virginia are the exceptions — the mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics is the highest of any fee.
At all but three — those two plus Virginia Tech — that mandatory fee is more than $1,000 per year. That will drop to two over the next few years; this fall, the Virginia Tech board of visitors voted 12-1 to raise the fee to help generate more money for athletics. (This was a board whose members are all appointed by Gov. Glenn Youngkin, so this is a striking example of Republican appointees voting for what amounts to a tax increase.)
At six schools, the mandatory fee tops $2,000 per year. At three, it tops $3,000. At one (Virginia Military Institute), it tops $4,000.
JMU is in that $3,000 range: $3,036 per year.
Let’s be clear: The figure is that high because JMU has chosen to pursue big-time college sports (particularly football) even though it’s not a big television draw (the way Notre Dame is) or in a conference with a big TV contract (the way Virginia and Virginia Tech are) or a conference with an even bigger TV contract (the way most of these other playoff schools are).
JMU is essentially taxing its students to help fund its big-time college athletic ambitions — and that clearly seems to be paying off, at least in terms of this year’s playoff.
Why, though, must students be forced to pay for that? If deep-pocketed boosters (the adjective knocks me out) or the free market don’t supply the funds for JMU to play at that level, why must my alma mater shake down teenagers (or their parents) to make up the difference?
When the Dukes take the field against the Ducks on Dec. 20 in Eugene, Oregon, JMU will be playing a school where students don’t have to pay any mandatory fees for athletics. The University of Oregon did away with those fees in 2021; it used university licensing fees to make up the difference.
Of the 12 schools in the playoffs, seven appear to have no mandatory athletic fees based on their published fee schedule, recently published news accounts or an email confimation to Cardinal (Alabama, Indiana, Mississippi, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon and Texas A&M). So more than half the schools in the field don’t make students pay for intercollegiate athletics.
Four other schools in the football playoffs do have mandatory fees for athletics, but the numbers are much smaller than any school in Virginia charges: $122.40 at Texas Tech, $126 at Georgia, $170 at Miami and $280 at Tulane.
Let’s put this another way: JMU’s mandatory student fees for athletics are more than four times higher than all the other College Football Playoff schools combined.(Updated: A previous version incorrectly gave a different figure.)
We’ll find out whether JMU is out of its depth on the football field, but we can say now that JMU’s mandatory fees are way out of line with these other schools. As the chart above shows, this isn’t just a JMU issue; it’s a Virginia issue — JMU stands out only by degree.
So for those schools that don’t charge any mandatory fee for intercollegiate athletics, or don’t charge much, how do they fund their programs? One thing we see is that most of those schools play in “power” conferences that have huge television contracts. Two years ago, Sportico, a news site that focuses on the business of sports, published a report on mandatory fees across the country. The lowest fees were in the two conferences with the biggest TV contracts (and the biggest brand names): the Big Ten and the Southeastern Conference. That Sportico report said about half the schools in those leagues had no mandatory fee; the highest at the time in the Big Ten was $718 at Rutgers; in the SEC, it was $1,374 at Auburn. By contrast, the conference with the highest mandatory fees was the one in which JMU plays — the Sun Belt. Coastal Carolina, which plays in the Sun Belt, had the highest fees in that report: $3,634.
Here’s another way to measure these fees: as a percentage of the total cost that students must pay.
At JMU, tuition and fees for in-state students for the 2025-26 school year are $14,300. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 21.2% of that.
For a student who lives on campus, the cost of room and board is another $14,212 for a total of $28,512. The mandatory athletic fee constitutes 10.6% of that.
That’s not the highest percentage in Virginia. At VMI, it’s 14.0% of tuition, room and board. However, JMU’s is one of the highest. The statewide average, based on computations I made from data available from the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia, is 6.8%. At Virginia Tech, 4.4% of tuition, room and board is for mandatory athletic fees. At the University of Virginia, it’s 3.9%.
Our governor-elect, Abigail Spanberger, was elected on a platform of making life more affordable in Virginia. Here’s one place she could start: Ask the legislature to repeal the law that allows these mandatory fees. If they were banned, she could reduce the cost of a Virginia student attending a state-supported four-year school by an average of 6.8%. That would seem to be a big affordability talking point.
Otherwise, Richmond is complicit in a scheme whereby we force college students to subsidize what are increasingly professional sports programs — something not even the Alabamas and Ohio States of the football world do.
If any state legislator or college official would like to defend these mandatory fees, let me know and I’ll ask you to write an opinion piece to counter this. In the meantime, what do you, our readers, think on this subject? You can weigh in here.
Want more political news? Sign up for our weekly political newsletter, West of the Capital:
The post James Madison University stands out in College Football Playoff field. Its mandatory student fee for athletics is more than 4 times higher than all the other schools put together. appeared first on Cardinal News.
Montgomery supervisors consider seeking study on data center zoning [Cardinal News] (04:09 , Monday, 15 December 2025)
Planning for future data centers will be on the minds of Montgomery County supervisors when they meet Monday.
The board will convene at 7:15 p.m. in the second floor board chambers at the county government center, 755 Roanoke St., Christiansburg.
The agenda includes a proposed resolution noting the increase in data center siting proposals in Virginia and across the nation. If approved, it will ask the county Planning Commission and county planning staff to “study, address and seek community comment and input on these particular land uses . . . and to recommend appropriate changes to the county zoning ordinance.”
The zoning law currently “does not define or allow data center facilities as a use,” the resolution notes.
There are no data centers in Montgomery County’s unincorporated areas. But there is is one facility in Blacksburg that labels itself as a “data center” — the Brush Mountain facility in the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center.
That facility is owned by Advanced Logic Industries, a company that has operated in the research center for decades, according to Town Manager Marc Vernier. But it is not the sort of large stand-alone data center that has proliferated in northern Virginia and occupies a large land footprint, Vernier explained in an email.
The county planning commission is in the final stages of updating the five-section comprehensive plan. Sections that address community and economic development and health care and public services will be reviewed in January. The commission will hold a public hearing on the overall plan in February. County supervisors will conduct work sessions in January and February, aiming for a final public hearing in late February or early March.
Other notable agenda items for Monday’s meeting include:
— A resolution to delay assessing penalties and interest for late payment of real estate and personal property taxes that were due Dec. 5. It notes that snow and ice that day “made travel not advisable.” The proposal is to impose no penalties or interest if taxes were paid by Dec. 8. Supervisors will vote to set a public hearing on the proposal.
— A public hearing and a vote on a proposed ordinance that would establish a separate personal property tax classification for vehicles driven by volunteer rescue squad or fire department members. A volunteer would be able to register in this new tax classification one vehicle that is used regularly to respond to emergency calls or perform regular duties for the agency.
The draft ordinance does not indicate whether a volunteer would receive any special tax benefit for said vehicles.
If adopted, the ordinance would take effect in 2026.
— Appointments to several boards, including: Appointing Gunin Kiran and reappointing Steve Fijalkowski and Todd King to the Public Service Authority, for four-year terms; appointing William Bulloss to the Montgomery Regional Economic Development Commission, for a two-year term; reappointing Lonnie Linkous to the planning commission, for a four-year term; reappointing County Administrator Angela Hill to the Metropolitan Planning Organization, for a one-year term; reappointing Hill to the New River Valley Emergency Communications Regional Authority, for a four-year term; appointing Hill, Fijalkowski and Sheriff Hank Partin to the regional jail authority for one-year terms, with Mary Biggs, Capt. Michael Cochran and Terri Mitchell as alternates; reappointing the county planning director to the New River-Highlands Resource Conservation and Development Council, for a one-year term; and reappointing county human services Director Alexandria Strickler to the Fairview Home board of directors, for a one-year term.
You can find meeting documents here.
The post Montgomery supervisors consider seeking study on data center zoning appeared first on Cardinal News.
Montgomery supervisors consider seeking study on data center zoning [Cardinal News] (04:09 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

Planning for future data centers will be on the minds of Montgomery County supervisors when they meet Monday.
The board will convene at 7:15 p.m. in the second floor board chambers at the county government center, 755 Roanoke St., Christiansburg.
The agenda includes a proposed resolution noting the increase in data center siting proposals in Virginia and across the nation. If approved, it will ask the county Planning Commission and county planning staff to “study, address and seek community comment and input on these particular land uses . . . and to recommend appropriate changes to the county zoning ordinance.”
The zoning law currently “does not define or allow data center facilities as a use,” the resolution notes.
There are no data centers in Montgomery County’s unincorporated areas. But there is is one facility in Blacksburg that labels itself as a “data center” — the Brush Mountain facility in the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center.
That facility is owned by Advanced Logic Industries, a company that has operated in the research center for decades, according to Town Manager Marc Vernier. But it is not the sort of large stand-alone data center that has proliferated in northern Virginia and occupies a large land footprint, Vernier explained in an email.
The county planning commission is in the final stages of updating the five-section comprehensive plan. Sections that address community and economic development and health care and public services will be reviewed in January. The commission will hold a public hearing on the overall plan in February. County supervisors will conduct work sessions in January and February, aiming for a final public hearing in late February or early March.
Other notable agenda items for Monday’s meeting include:
— A resolution to delay assessing penalties and interest for late payment of real estate and personal property taxes that were due Dec. 5. It notes that snow and ice that day “made travel not advisable.” The proposal is to impose no penalties or interest if taxes were paid by Dec. 8. Supervisors will vote to set a public hearing on the proposal.
— A public hearing and a vote on a proposed ordinance that would establish a separate personal property tax classification for vehicles driven by volunteer rescue squad or fire department members. A volunteer would be able to register in this new tax classification one vehicle that is used regularly to respond to emergency calls or perform regular duties for the agency.
The draft ordinance does not indicate whether a volunteer would receive any special tax benefit for said vehicles.
If adopted, the ordinance would take effect in 2026.
— Appointments to several boards, including: Appointing Gunin Kiran and reappointing Steve Fijalkowski and Todd King to the Public Service Authority, for four-year terms; appointing William Bulloss to the Montgomery Regional Economic Development Commission, for a two-year term; reappointing Lonnie Linkous to the planning commission, for a four-year term; reappointing County Administrator Angela Hill to the Metropolitan Planning Organization, for a one-year term; reappointing Hill to the New River Valley Emergency Communications Regional Authority, for a four-year term; appointing Hill, Fijalkowski and Sheriff Hank Partin to the regional jail authority for one-year terms, with Mary Biggs, Capt. Michael Cochran and Terri Mitchell as alternates; reappointing the county planning director to the New River-Highlands Resource Conservation and Development Council, for a one-year term; and reappointing county human services Director Alexandria Strickler to the Fairview Home board of directors, for a one-year term.
You can find meeting documents here.
The post Montgomery supervisors consider seeking study on data center zoning appeared first on Cardinal News.
Rawls says he’ll release details about Martinsville city manager report as early as January [Cardinal News] (04:05 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

Martinsville City Council member Aaron Rawls said he will release details about the firing of former Martinsville City Manager Aretha Ferrell-Benavides and a related investigation by city attorneys as early as next month.
In a Thursday afternoon press conference, Rawls said recent media coverage, including Cardinal News’ publication of an almost entirely redacted report about the investigation, has contributed to rumors and confusion.
“I had innumerable phone calls from folks asking about various things going on in the city,” Rawls said at the press conference. “‘When are we going to get answers? Can you give us an interview? Can you respond to these allegations?’”
He said he plans to release investigation details sometime in late January or early February. In August, a split council declined to make the report public, citing attorney-client privilege. While Rawls voted to release it, he has declined Cardinal News’ requests to provide a less-redacted version of the report, which was prepared by the law firm Sands Anderson, acting as the city’s attorney.
Rawls said in a phone call Thursday evening with Cardinal News that he plans to release much of the information contained within the report, but not the report itself.
“These are statements by employees, written records by employees, stuff like that,” Rawls said, explaining why he won’t release the full report. “The reason the report is such a tricky subject is they wove legal advice and analysis throughout it, deliberately, to protect the contents of the report, which is a smart thing for … an attorney to do for their client. I don’t feel like it’s appropriate for a public government. It should all be public but I understand why they did what they did.”
Rawls said he is timing the release to an investigation by special prosecutor Wes Nance. Nance is the commonwealth’s attorney for Bedford County and was appointed to the special prosecutor role at the suggestion of Martinsville’s commonwealth’s attorney, Andy Hall. Virginia State Police are helping with the investigation, Nance has said.
Rawls said that the January-February timeline is based on when he believes there will be developments in the special prosecutor’s investigation. He said that the timeline gives officials ample time to move forward with possible charges or indictments.
“If there aren’t charges or indictments, I’m just going to go ahead anyway,” Rawls said, later adding, “I’m ready to move, I’m tired of this.”
A forensic audit of the city’s finances and spending is also underway. Rawls said at the press conference that the audit has not been completed.
Rawls is the plaintiff in a civil rights suit against Ferrell-Benavides stemming from a March incident in which a deputy removed Rawls from a public meeting.
Ferrell-Benavides’ legal counsel has expressed their intent to pursue legal action against the city over the city manager’s firing; among the allegations is a claim that her termination was retaliation for an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission filing Ferrell-Benavides made in July.
The city council has not publicly disclosed its reasons for firing Ferrell-Benavides.
“I think that’s absolutely fair that she was terminated. We had a job to do,” Rawls said during the press conference Thursday. “I think it’s unfair that the public has not been aware.”
Rawls said he is confident that information from Sands Anderson’s report and the investigation by Nance will give residents a broader and more accurate scope of what’s happening in the city.
He said the reports and investigations won’t simply go away if given enough time.
Keeping things quiet was how the city traditionally handled things, he said.
“Look, I get that,” Rawls said. “I understand that line of thinking that if we just keep it calm … we won’t mess up the things that are coming down the road. Here’s the problem: Things fester and grow and become worse than ever.
“I don’t want to look back at my legacy and see that I was in a spot where I could have done something and sat by like … a coward.”
The post Rawls says he’ll release details about Martinsville city manager report as early as January appeared first on Cardinal News.
Roanoke third grader makes his case to city officials for park improvements [Cardinal News] (04:00 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

Jackson Gunter, a third grader at Highland Park Elementary School in Roanoke, has a vision for his local playground.
In his vision, the park is clean, the playground equipment is in tip-top shape and the walkways are safe and intact for kids to run across.
But that hasn’t been Jackson’s experience playing at the Highland Park playground.
In a presentation for Monday’s Roanoke City Council meeting, titled “Updates to Highland Park Playground,” Jackson makes his case for some improvements at the park.
He cites issues such as litter, a broken fence, a brick walkway that is in disrepair, and broken playground equipment. He’s attached photos of trash on the ground and of caution tape wrapped around one section of the play area.
Jackson lists some actions the city is already taking to clean up the park, including plans to replace the broken playground equipment, fencing and sidewalks, as well as cleanup work by city crews.
There are a few other things he’d like to see to improve his park, including “No Littering” signs, and installing more picnic tables and trash cans.
He’s proposed that his fellow students at Highland Park sign a pledge to not litter, and work with the Parent Teacher Association to set up days for families and students to clean up the park.
The last slide, thanking the council, features a photo of Jackson standing in front of his school, smiling with his hands overhead, wearing shorts and a T-shirt.
The council will be accepting a number of grant awards and receiving presentations from various groups during Monday’s 2 p.m. council session, before receiving Jackson’s presentation and holding various public hearings during its 7 p.m. session.
The council’s full agenda for Monday’s meetings is here. Both meetings will be livestreamed on YouTube for those who cannot attend in person.
The post Roanoke third grader makes his case to city officials for park improvements appeared first on Cardinal News.
Headlines from across the state: Drunk raccoon found in liquor store is a repeat offender, officials say; more … [Cardinal News] (03:45 , Monday, 15 December 2025)

Here are some of the top headlines from other news outlets around Virginia. Some content may be behind a metered paywall:
Culture:
Drunk raccoon found in liquor store is a repeat offender, officials say. — The Washington Post (paywall).
Education:
Most Virginia schools meeting new state expectations, Virginia education department reports. — Virginia Mercury.
Politics:
At Virginia journalists’ forum, Spanberger talks energy policy, combating health care concerns. — Virginia Mercury.
Local:
Bedford supervisors reaffirm Second Amendment sanctuary status. — The (Lynchburg) News & Advance (paywall).
Amherst council votes to buy land for new public park. — Amherst New Era-Progress (paywall).
Economy:
$689 million rare earth magnet, copper manufacturing facility coming to Chesapeake. — The (Norfolk) Virginian-Pilot (paywall).
Breeze Airways launches Tri-Cities service with Orlando, D.C. flights. — Bristol Herald Courier (paywall).
Weather:
For more weather news, follow weather journalist Kevin Myatt on Twitter / X at @kevinmyattwx and sign up for his free weather email newsletter. His weekly column appears in Cardinal News each Wednesday afternoon.
The post Headlines from across the state: Drunk raccoon found in liquor store is a repeat offender, officials say; more … appeared first on Cardinal News.
Rye Cove holds strong for a half but can’t match Rappahannock’s speed [Cardinal News] (03:53 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)

Rappahannock High School’s football team came to Salem with a hydroelectric offense fueled by some devastating potential energy.
For the first half of the Virginia High School League Class 1 state championship game, Rye Cove High’s defense was a solid wall of protection from any oncoming spillover.
A tiny crack, just enough to start a trickle, formed early in the third quarter.
Then the whole dam broke.
Rappahannock hit the team from Scott County with a flood inside Salem Stadium, scoring six second-half touchdowns to run away with a 49-14 victory that gave the Raiders their first VHSL football title.
Rappahannock (13-2) trailed 14-6 at halftime, but senior running back Kenneth Madison scored three of his four TDs in the fourth quarter and finished with 225 of his team’s 415 rushing yards.
Quarterback Clyde Kelly Jr. fired a long TD pass and rushed for a pair of TDs highlighted by one of the longest plays in VHSL history.
Kelly rushed for 192 yards and passed for 95 as Rappahannock amassed a whopping 510 yards of total offense.

“It’s a great accomplishment, and it speaks volumes about the kids we put on the football field,” Rappahannock coach William West said. “They’ve been resilient all year long, playing hard, executing, and never putting their heads down. That’s what it’s all about. You talk about playing hard and being here, and then you’ve got to take advantage of all your opportunities.”
Rye Cove (11-4) made it to Salem courtesy of a defense that corralled Grayson County for a 7-6 semifinal victory. The Eagles solved Rappahannock’s offense for 24 minutes and had the Raiders backed up at the 4-yard line early in the third quarter.
Kelly took a shotgun snap, but instantly found himself in serious trouble in the left corner of the end zone. Rye Cove’s defense had the Rappahannock quarterback trapped, perhaps for a safety, but Kelly escaped through a pin-hole of daylight.
He cut through an opening and headed across the field. Soon, more potential tacklers were in Kelly’s wake as he neared the opposite sideline in front of the Rappahannock bench. Rye Cove’s last defenders had an angle, but Kelly was too fast as he completed a 96-yard TD jaunt that probably covered 150 yards of artificial-turf real estate.
“They thought they had me until I cut back and went to the right and we was gone,” Kelly said.
The play was doubly painful for Rye Cove. Carter Roach-Hodge, who scored both of the Eagles’ touchdowns, sustained a shoulder injury attempting to tackle Kelly that sidelined him for the remainder of the evening. Junior lineman Caden Bishop also exited with an ankle injury.

Rye Cove maintained a 14-12 lead, but soon the Eagles’ chances of winning their first state championship were submerged.
Rappahannock took the lead for good at 20-14 on a 66-yard TD pass from Kelly to Christian Destin.
Kelly opened the fourth quarter with a 6-yard TD for a 28-14 lead, then Madison added TD runs of 17, 35 and 16 yards with the last one of his career coming with 58 seconds to play.
The Raiders had the ball on the Rye Cove 5 at the end of the when Kelly took a knee, and the party back in Warsaw was under way.
“Unbelievable,” Kelly said. “We worked ever since ninth grade to be here.”
West said there was no panic at halftime. Rappahannock overcame a nine-point second-half deficit in its 38-32 semifinal victory over Buffalo Gap. Saturday, the Raiders forced a punt on Rye Cove’s first possession of the second half to set the stage.
“We were fine,” he said. “We felt like we figured out some things on the defensive side of the ball. We filled gaps a little bit better, allowed our linebackers to come downhill and make plays at the line of scrimmage. If we could get some stops I felt like the offense … we just missed some blocks in the first half that we made in the second half.
“You’ve just got to play football. We’re one play away from making a play and we come out of the locker room and get a three-and-out and then the offense makes a huge play. We did what we had to do on that side of ball as well.”
Rye Cove coach Gary Collier was extremely wary of Rappahannock’s big-play potential.
“We talked about it before the game,” Collier said. “They’ve got some playmakers. They’ve got some speed we can’t match. If we can get [Kelly] in the backfield and wrap that up, then it’s a loss. He gets away, and they’ve got several of those kids who can run like that. Kudos to them. They’re a really good, talented football team.”
The Eagles’ early lead came from Roach-Hodge’s two TDs, a 6-yarder with 3:49 left in the first quarter and a 9-yarder with 4:47 to play before halftime.
Rye Cove struggled to move the ball consistently against Rappahannock’s red-clad defense. The Eagles were limited to 135 rushing yards on 52 carries and just 18 yards passing. No Rye Cove play was longer than 9 yards. William Rollins led the Eagles with 65 rushing yards on 17 attempts.
“We had a good game plan,” Collier said. “At halftime we were looking good. That first drive of the third quarter, you always look for that to be the game-changer. Then all of a sudden we get two of our best players hurt. It changed a little bit for what we had to do. We’re not real deep.”
Rappahannock’s trip to the Roanoke Valley was its second in two months. The Raiders filled a last-minute opening on their 2025 schedule with a hastily arranged game at Northside. It resulted in a 19-7 loss for the Raiders, but the experience might have paid off.
Rappahannock avenged a regular-season loss to rival Essex with a 19-16 victory in the Region 1A final.
Getting to a state championship game isn’t easy, and not because Rappahannock’s campus in Warsaw is 235 miles from Salem, while Rye Cove High is located 184 miles from the stadium.
“We felt like should have been here last year,” West said. “We had some injuries at a crucial time of the season. As good as we are this year, I felt like we were even better last year.”
Rye Cove was forced to stop a football game in 2021 because the team did not have enough players to continue.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
Collier took over the team in 2022, and in four years, the former Emory & Henry All-American quarterback took the program to heights never previously seen in the tiny Clinchport community.
“I just feel for these kids. You can see they wear it on their sleeve,” Collier said. “They’ve worked so hard to get here. That’s all I’ve got to talk about, how good these kids have been. This coaching staff and these seniors these four years … we’ve won a lot of football games. We went to battle a lot, went to war a lot. I would rather lose with this bunch than win with anybody else.”

Rye Cove……….7….7….0….0–14
Rappahannock……6….0…14…29–49
First quarter
RC–Roach-Hodge 6 run (Cress kick), 3:49
Rapp–Madison 45 run (kick blocked), 2:42
Second quarter
RC–Roach-Hodge 9 run (Cress kick), 4:47
Third quarter
Rapp–Kelly 96 run (run failed), 9:32
Rapp–Destin 66 pass from Kelly (Kelly run), 3:29
Fourth quarter
Rapp–Kelly 6 run (Madison run), 7:19
Rapp–Madison 17 run (Setzer kick), 4:46
Rapp–Madison 35 run (Setzer kick), 3:09
Rapp–Madison 16 run (Setzer kick), 0:58
—
TEAM STATISTICS
………………….RC…….Rapp
First downs………..12………22
Rushes-yards……52-135…..38-415
Yards passing………19………95
Comp-Att-Int…….2-7-2…..6-10-0
Fumbles-lost………3-2……..3-1
Penalties………..2-11…….7-53
Punts………….4-42.8…..2-18.0
INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS
RUSHING–Rye Cove, Rollins 17-65, Roach-Hodge 13-46, Barnette 15-36, Waldon 1-0, Shupe 4-(minus 7), Team 2-(minus 5). Rappahannock, Madison 19-225, Kelly 17-192, Team 2-(minus 2).
PASSING–Rye Cove, Shupe 2-7-2–18. Rappahannock, Kelly 6-10-0–95.
RECEIVING–Rye Cove, Jessee 1-12, Lane 1-6. Rappahannock, Destin 2-70, Ellis-Thomas 2-12, Sullivan 1-10, Brown 1-3.
CLASS 6
State championship
At James Madison, Univ., Harrisonburg
Oscar Smith 44, North Stafford 0
State semifinals
Oscar Smith 34, James Madison 28
North Stafford 19, West Springfield 7
CLASS 5
State championship
At James Madison, Univ., Harrisonburg
Maury 26, Highland Springs 7
State semifinals
Highland Springs 35, Indian River 8
Maury 48, Stone Bridge 27
CLASS 4
State championship
At Liberty Univ., Lynchburg
Varina 47, Loudoun County 0
State semifinals
Varina 49, Jefferson Forest 21
Loudoun County 25, Lafayette 23
CLASS 3
State championship
At Liberty Univ., Lynchburg
Lake Taylor 48, Kettle Run 42, 2 OT
State semifinals
Lake Taylor 27, Magna Vista 21
Kettle Run 29, Liberty Christian 28
CLASS 2
State championship
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Strasburg 49, Glenvar 27
State semifinals
Strasburg 31, Poquoson 10
Glenvar 21, Union 20
CLASS 1
State championship
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Rappahannock 49, Rye Cove 14
State semifinals
Rappahannock 38, Buffalo Gap 32
Rye Cove 7, Grayson County 6
The post Rye Cove holds strong for a half but can’t match Rappahannock’s speed appeared first on Cardinal News.
Rye Cove holds strong for a half but can’t match Rappahannock’s speed [Cardinal News] (03:53 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)

Rappahannock High School’s football team came to Salem with a hydroelectric offense fueled by some devastating potential energy.
For the first half of the Virginia High School League Class 1 state championship game, Rye Cove High’s defense was a solid wall of protection from any oncoming spillover.
A tiny crack, just enough to start a trickle, formed early in the third quarter.
Then the whole dam broke.
Rappahannock hit the team from Scott County with a flood inside Salem Stadium, scoring six second-half touchdowns to run away with a 49-14 victory that gave the Raiders their first VHSL football title.
Rappahannock (13-2) trailed 14-6 at halftime, but senior running back Kenneth Madison scored three of his four TDs in the fourth quarter and finished with 225 of his team’s 415 rushing yards.
Quarterback Clyde Kelly Jr. fired a long TD pass and rushed for a pair of TDs highlighted by one of the longest plays in VHSL history.
Kelly rushed for 192 yards and passed for 95 as Rappahannock amassed a whopping 510 yards of total offense.

“It’s a great accomplishment, and it speaks volumes about the kids we put on the football field,” Rappahannock coach William West said. “They’ve been resilient all year long, playing hard, executing, and never putting their heads down. That’s what it’s all about. You talk about playing hard and being here, and then you’ve got to take advantage of all your opportunities.”
Rye Cove (11-4) made it to Salem courtesy of a defense that corralled Grayson County for a 7-6 semifinal victory. The Eagles solved Rappahannock’s offense for 24 minutes and had the Raiders backed up at the 4-yard line early in the third quarter.
Kelly took a shotgun snap, but instantly found himself in serious trouble in the left corner of the end zone. Rye Cove’s defense had the Rappahannock quarterback trapped, perhaps for a safety, but Kelly escaped through a pin-hole of daylight.
He cut through an opening and headed across the field. Soon, more potential tacklers were in Kelly’s wake as he neared the opposite sideline in front of the Rappahannock bench. Rye Cove’s last defenders had an angle, but Kelly was too fast as he completed a 96-yard TD jaunt that probably covered 150 yards of artificial-turf real estate.
“They thought they had me until I cut back and went to the right and we was gone,” Kelly said.
The play was doubly painful for Rye Cove. Carter Roach-Hodge, who scored both of the Eagles’ touchdowns, sustained a shoulder injury attempting to tackle Kelly that sidelined him for the remainder of the evening. Junior lineman Caden Bishop also exited with an ankle injury.

Rye Cove maintained a 14-12 lead, but soon the Eagles’ chances of winning their first state championship were submerged.
Rappahannock took the lead for good at 20-14 on a 66-yard TD pass from Kelly to Christian Destin.
Kelly opened the fourth quarter with a 6-yard TD for a 28-14 lead, then Madison added TD runs of 17, 35 and 16 yards with the last one of his career coming with 58 seconds to play.
The Raiders had the ball on the Rye Cove 5 at the end of the when Kelly took a knee, and the party back in Warsaw was under way.
“Unbelievable,” Kelly said. “We worked ever since ninth grade to be here.”
West said there was no panic at halftime. Rappahannock overcame a nine-point second-half deficit in its 38-32 semifinal victory over Buffalo Gap. Saturday, the Raiders forced a punt on Rye Cove’s first possession of the second half to set the stage.
“We were fine,” he said. “We felt like we figured out some things on the defensive side of the ball. We filled gaps a little bit better, allowed our linebackers to come downhill and make plays at the line of scrimmage. If we could get some stops I felt like the offense … we just missed some blocks in the first half that we made in the second half.
“You’ve just got to play football. We’re one play away from making a play and we come out of the locker room and get a three-and-out and then the offense makes a huge play. We did what we had to do on that side of ball as well.”
Rye Cove coach Gary Collier was extremely wary of Rappahannock’s big-play potential.
“We talked about it before the game,” Collier said. “They’ve got some playmakers. They’ve got some speed we can’t match. If we can get [Kelly] in the backfield and wrap that up, then it’s a loss. He gets away, and they’ve got several of those kids who can run like that. Kudos to them. They’re a really good, talented football team.”
The Eagles’ early lead came from Roach-Hodge’s two TDs, a 6-yarder with 3:49 left in the first quarter and a 9-yarder with 4:47 to play before halftime.
Rye Cove struggled to move the ball consistently against Rappahannock’s red-clad defense. The Eagles were limited to 135 rushing yards on 52 carries and just 18 yards passing. No Rye Cove play was longer than 9 yards. William Rollins led the Eagles with 65 rushing yards on 17 attempts.
“We had a good game plan,” Collier said. “At halftime we were looking good. That first drive of the third quarter, you always look for that to be the game-changer. Then all of a sudden we get two of our best players hurt. It changed a little bit for what we had to do. We’re not real deep.”
Rappahannock’s trip to the Roanoke Valley was its second in two months. The Raiders filled a last-minute opening on their 2025 schedule with a hastily arranged game at Northside. It resulted in a 19-7 loss for the Raiders, but the experience might have paid off.
Rappahannock avenged a regular-season loss to rival Essex with a 19-16 victory in the Region 1A final.
Getting to a state championship game isn’t easy, and not because Rappahannock’s campus in Warsaw is 235 miles from Salem, while Rye Cove High is located 184 miles from the stadium.
“We felt like should have been here last year,” West said. “We had some injuries at a crucial time of the season. As good as we are this year, I felt like we were even better last year.”
Rye Cove was forced to stop a football game in 2021 because the team did not have enough players to continue.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
Collier took over the team in 2022, and in four years, the former Emory & Henry All-American quarterback took the program to heights never previously seen in the tiny Clinchport community.
“I just feel for these kids. You can see they wear it on their sleeve,” Collier said. “They’ve worked so hard to get here. That’s all I’ve got to talk about, how good these kids have been. This coaching staff and these seniors these four years … we’ve won a lot of football games. We went to battle a lot, went to war a lot. I would rather lose with this bunch than win with anybody else.”

Rye Cove……….7….7….0….0–14
Rappahannock……6….0…14…29–49
First quarter
RC–Roach-Hodge 6 run (Cress kick), 3:49
Rapp–Madison 45 run (kick blocked), 2:42
Second quarter
RC–Roach-Hodge 9 run (Cress kick), 4:47
Third quarter
Rapp–Kelly 96 run (run failed), 9:32
Rapp–Destin 66 pass from Kelly (Kelly run), 3:29
Fourth quarter
Rapp–Kelly 6 run (Madison run), 7:19
Rapp–Madison 17 run (Setzer kick), 4:46
Rapp–Madison 35 run (Setzer kick), 3:09
Rapp–Madison 16 run (Setzer kick), 0:58
—
TEAM STATISTICS
………………….RC…….Rapp
First downs………..12………22
Rushes-yards……52-135…..38-415
Yards passing………19………95
Comp-Att-Int…….2-7-2…..6-10-0
Fumbles-lost………3-2……..3-1
Penalties………..2-11…….7-53
Punts………….4-42.8…..2-18.0
INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS
RUSHING–Rye Cove, Rollins 17-65, Roach-Hodge 13-46, Barnette 15-36, Waldon 1-0, Shupe 4-(minus 7), Team 2-(minus 5). Rappahannock, Madison 19-225, Kelly 17-192, Team 2-(minus 2).
PASSING–Rye Cove, Shupe 2-7-2–18. Rappahannock, Kelly 6-10-0–95.
RECEIVING–Rye Cove, Jessee 1-12, Lane 1-6. Rappahannock, Destin 2-70, Ellis-Thomas 2-12, Sullivan 1-10, Brown 1-3.
CLASS 6
State championship
At James Madison, Univ., Harrisonburg
Oscar Smith 44, North Stafford 0
State semifinals
Oscar Smith 34, James Madison 28
North Stafford 19, West Springfield 7
CLASS 5
State championship
At James Madison, Univ., Harrisonburg
Maury 26, Highland Springs 7
State semifinals
Highland Springs 35, Indian River 8
Maury 48, Stone Bridge 27
CLASS 4
State championship
At Liberty Univ., Lynchburg
Varina 47, Loudoun County 0
State semifinals
Varina 49, Jefferson Forest 21
Loudoun County 25, Lafayette 23
CLASS 3
State championship
At Liberty Univ., Lynchburg
Lake Taylor 48, Kettle Run 42, 2 OT
State semifinals
Lake Taylor 27, Magna Vista 21
Kettle Run 29, Liberty Christian 28
CLASS 2
State championship
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Strasburg 49, Glenvar 27
State semifinals
Strasburg 31, Poquoson 10
Glenvar 21, Union 20
CLASS 1
State championship
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Rappahannock 49, Rye Cove 14
State semifinals
Rappahannock 38, Buffalo Gap 32
Rye Cove 7, Grayson County 6
The post Rye Cove holds strong for a half but can’t match Rappahannock’s speed appeared first on Cardinal News.
Funniest/Most Insightful Comments Of The Week At Techdirt [Techdirt] (03:00 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)
This week, our first place winner on the insightful side is drew repeating an important point about how ICE keeps deporting people while blowing off court rulings:
Nothing will change
Until the courts charge some people with contempt and issue some prison time.
In second place, it’s MrWilson with thoughts on the assertion that calling someone a Nazi is not a verifiable statement of fact:
Ironically, I’d actually dispute this. There are indeed a lot of poorly chosen usages of the terms, but they’re not all imprecise and many are verifiable according to several academic definitions.
When I call Trump or Musk a fascist, I’m referencing my knowledge of Eco, Britt, and other standards covered in academia on the subject. We can check off the list of criteria easily. It’s not loose wording. It’s not a substitute for “people I don’t like” or “people I disagree with politically.” Not everyone I disagree with is a fascist. Every fascist is a person I disagree with. If the Hugo Boss fits, then it’s an accurate term.
Ironically people claiming that calling a fascist a fascist is defamation are twisting the meaning of the word defamation to mean “label I don’t like,” rather than “intentionally maliciously untrue label.” And more often, fascists are anti-intellectuals so they don’t even understand what fascism is academically speaking, so they’re not in a position to dispute if the definition is accurate.
Although I wouldn’t say that’s quite the same thing as a “verifiable fact” as distinct from a reasonable and well-supported opinion, it’s a good point and one that’s succinctly summed up by Thad in our first editor’s choice for insightful:
Motherfucker gonna sieg heil and endorse great replacement theory and then get mad when people call him a nazi.
Next, it’s Arianity with a comment about the notion that Rep. Haley Stevens filing articles of impeachment against RFK Jr. is just a way to raise her profile and build voter turnout:
Not only do I not care, this is a good thing and is how representative politics is supposed to work. Doing good things that voters want to raise your profile is literally how politics is supposed to align incentives!
Hopefully it pays off, both because she deserves it and as a reminder to others that actually doing your job comes with benefits. The most remarkable thing has been Dems complete lack of self interest in the face of their constituents begging them to use the limited tools they have.
Over on the funny side, our first place winner is n00bdragon with a comment about Greg Abbott’s fears that the release of his communications with Elon Musk would reveal “intimate and embarrassing” exchanges:
Call me old fashioned but the sorts of people that I send “intimate and embarrassing” messages to are pretty much limited to my wife.
Is Mr. Abbott meaning to imply that he and Mr. Musk know each other in the biblical fashion?
In second place, it’s an anonymous comment even more succinctly summing up the points made by MrWilson and Thad about calling someone a Nazi:
If not Nazi, why Nazi shaped?
For editor’s choice on the funny side, we start out with a comment from BernardoVerda about a currently popular theory for explaining the state of our culture and the discourse:
Well… “Everyone is 12 now” would explain why more than half of Americans can’t read or write at the 6th grade level.
Finally, it’s an anonymous comment about the EU hitting ExTwitter with a massive fine:
Odds are that $140M is more that what Twitter actually worth right is now.
That’s all for this week, folks!
Shadows On-Piste – My Best Photo of 2025 [35mmc] (11:00 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)
My name is Harrison Matthew, and I am a hobbyist photographer with one foot each in film and digital, preferring rangefinders and always looking for ways to bury myself further in the photographic process. I took what I believe to be my best photograph of 2025 on January 30th. Some might say this set me...
The post Shadows On-Piste – My Best Photo of 2025 appeared first on 35mmc.
Through the woods to the shore – My image of the year 2025 [35mmc] (08:00 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)
Since the reunification of Germany, traveling to the Baltic Sea beyond the former border has become uncomplicated, and I was one of the first to visit these places—frozen in time—as a tourist and have returned since then at least once a year. Before 1989, the GDR coastline was a restricted area and one needed a...
The post Through the woods to the shore – My image of the year 2025 appeared first on 35mmc.
Vintage Glass Plates – From Test to Print [35mmc] (05:00 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)
While an analogue photography habit can help us avoid the relentless tide of technological progress, it would be delusional to suggest it helps us (or me at least), avoid Gear Acquisition Syndrome. Despite owning most varieties of medium format cameras and a lovely MPP Technical 4×5, I recently found myself re-watching Martin Henson’s excellent videos...
The post Vintage Glass Plates – From Test to Print appeared first on 35mmc.
Adrien Liechti: Salida-to-the-Sea [Rene Herse Cycles] (03:22 , Sunday, 14 December 2025)
Editor’s Note: Adrien Liechti has been a fixture of the bikepacking world for many years. Winner of the inaugural Hellenic Mountain Race in 2023, he’s been a consistent top finisher in the biggest races: The Rhino Run, Atlas Mountain Race, Silk Road Mountain Race, The Transcontinental… What I like about Adrien is that, despite his speed, he rides to discover new places and learn about himself. Here is the story of his latest race and adventure.
In 2024, a French bikepacking friend of mine took part in Salida-to-the-Sea and spoke very highly of it: an old-school event, long, remote, with varied landscapes, epic places, and desert crossings. More an adventure by bike than just a race.
That really sparked my interest, and eventually, at the beginning of last summer, I signed up.

After arriving in the U.S., I rode from Denver to Salida, where I met Brian, the creator of the route. A true bikepacking enthusiast, he still rides his own event every year. On July 16th, we set off on the 2,000-mile route toward the Pacific coast. We were the only riders—a few others had initially signed up, but scratched before the start due to illness and other reasons.

I rode solo the whole way and met only a handful of people, but each encounter was meaningful and interesting. The GPX track is flawless, you can feel the passion behind it. Crossing the first big passes (Cinnamon, Ophir, Marshall, …) was epic. And so was the rest: endless desert stretches without water, the vast forests of Oregon, the legendary canyons of Moab. At one point I was stuck in Utah mud for about 12 hours and had to bivouac right there on the trail.

The final section was also quite something, as wildfires were raging. I had to reroute and climb an extra pass before finally reaching Port Orford and its stunning Battle Rock Beach.

I finished in 12 days, 3 hours and 6 minutes, setting a new FKT. More important than the time, what I take away from this adventure are not only great memories, but also a journey, both outward and inward, that will take me a while to fully process.

My bike was a key element in this experience, because it faded into the background, never requiring attention. A solid setup and a really good build—thanks to my local mechanics at Velomario in Berne, Switzerland—goes a long way: I had zero mechanical issues, even with the brutal peanut butter mud in Utah.
The only thing I did to my bike: Gave it a quick wash in a creek halfway through the race. Having reliable gear is always a plus, but knowing the mechanics and being able to fix anything on the road is even better. It gives me a worry-free ride and allows me to immerse myself in the experience.

After the ride, people asked me why I was racing for so long, when I was the only participant. Plus, there were no photographers around to document what I was doing.
For me, it makes no difference. I don’t ride for a medal or for someone else’s eyes. I ride because every mile takes me deeper into myself. I ride for the freedom, the silence, the effort, the views, and the real self-supported bikepacking experience. The kind where, if something goes wrong, the only option is to hit the SOS button on my tracker.
They say: “When you stop racing against others, that’s when you’ve won.” The real win isn’t a podium. It’s the peace you find inside, when the only race that matters is your own.

Fast-forward to my plans for 2026:
After years of dreaming and months of preparation, I’m finally ready to cycle the entire continent of Africa, from Cape Angela in Tunisia to Cape Agulhas in South Africa. It will be a self-supported journey—that’s how I prefer it. To validate the record, there won’t be any kind of transportation except my bike. Creating the route has already been a big challenge.
I will face many others: the terrain will change constantly, from deserts like the Sahara and the Namib, to smooth roads, to long muddy jungle sections in Congo, Nigeria, Cameroon, and more. I will have to deal with maintaining my pace, with possible illnesses, insects, animals, and all the border and administrative complications.

My bike setup will be a special one: a mix between a traveling and a racing setup. For tires, I’ll run the new Rene Herse 700 x 48 Poteau Mountain semi-slicks in the Endurance casing. I’m confident they’ll be perfect for this endeavor.

I have spent years on the African continent, and yet I’ve never been able to cross it entirely. In a few weeks, I will try to do just that, mixing racing and traveling over 17,000 km (11,000 miles), crossing 17 countries. I’m looking forward to meeting many people along the way; that’s the most exciting part.

I studied old and new maps, adapted my route to the current geopolitical situation, and even had to change the Algeria section after a border closure a few weeks ago. The preparation was huge, and now I’m excited to finally start my ride.
I will set off on January 4th, at 8 a.m., from Cape Angela in Tunisia. My ride will be live-tracked and verified by the WUCA (World Ultra-Cycling Association).
If I succeed, it will be a world’s first. Check back in a few weeks for the start and a tracking link to follow my adventure.
Further Reading:
Strasburg’s running game blows past Glenvar as school claims first state football championship [Cardinal News] (11:34 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)

A state football championship.
Strasburg’s football team had been there.
Glenvar had done that.
The Highlanders made the six-mile trip to Salem on Saturday looking to add a Virginia High School League championship trophy to the hardware they put in the school’s trophy case in 2014.
Strasburg made the trip down Interstate 81 to Salem Stadium seeking its first state title in six appearances in the finals, including last year’s loss to Graham.
Recent experience ruled.

For the second year in a row, Strasburg fell into a two-touchdown hole in the first quarter, but this time the Rams rebounded for a decisive 49-27 victory over Glenvar to deny the Highlanders a perfect 2025 season.
CLASS 6
State championship
At James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg
Oscar Smith 44, North Stafford 0
State semifinals
Oscar Smith 34, James Madison 28
North Stafford 19, West Springfield 7
CLASS 5
State championship
At James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg
Maury 26, Highland Springs 7
State semifinals
Highland Springs 35, Indian River 8
Maury 48, Stone Bridge 27
CLASS 4
State championship
At Liberty Univ., Lynchburg
Varina 47, Loudoun County 0
State semifinals
Varina 49, Jefferson Forest 21
Loudoun County 25, Lafayette 23
CLASS 3
State championship
At Liberty Univ., Lynchburg
Lake Taylor 48, Kettle Run 42, 2 OT
State semifinals
Lake Taylor 27, Magna Vista 21
Kettle Run 29, Liberty Christian 28
CLASS 2
State championship
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Strasburg 49, Glenvar 27
State semifinals
Strasburg 31, Poquoson 10
Glenvar 21, Union 20
CLASS 1
State championship
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Rappahannock 49, Rye Cove 14
State semifinals
Rappahannock 38, Buffalo Gap 32
Rye Cove 7, Grayson County 6
Strasburg, a Shenandoah County school which began playing football in 1929, finished with a 13-1 record by hoisting the championship trophy for the first time.
The Rams were Division 1 runners-up in 1987, 1988, 1992 and 1995 under longtime coach Glenn Proctor. Strasburg lost 31-8 to Graham in the 2024 Class 2 state final after falling behind 14-0 before running an offensive play.
Saturday Glenvar took a 12-0 lead, forcing a large Strasburg contingent on the visitors side to wonder if ill fate had cast its hand again.
Not this time.
Strasburg shrugged off the adversity with a dominant running game that produced a 21-19 halftime lead. Three more touchdowns followed in the third quarter, and the Rams’ 42-19 was too much to overcome.
“We started out in the same predicament last year,” Strasburg coach Tripp Lamb said. “We kind of tucked our tails and folded. I knew that was not going to be this group. I knew our guys wouldn’t quit. Once we got rolling, we were hard to stop.”
Proctor spent 44 seasons at Strasburg with 302 career victories but no state championship. It took Lamb, a 2004 Staunton River High School graduate, just two seasons as head coach to reach the pinnacle.
Strasburg’s straight T-formation running game was devastating.
The offensive line — tackles Hutson Conrad and Jacob Britton, guards Gate Gutierrez and Jacob Stickley, center Cooper Miller, and tight ends Alexander Mudd and Harper Sherman — opened huge holes in Glenvar’s defensive line.
The Rams’ trio of running backs — Quincy Williams (20 carries, 135 yards), Linkyn Bosworth (17-118) and Brady Knight (17-99) — combined for 352 yards rushing and five TDs while dividing 54 carries.
Strasburg entered the game averaging 363 yards rushing per game. Saturday the Rams finished with 362.
Just an average day at the office.
“Obviously they wore us down a little bit. We knew that was probably going to be the situation,” Glenvar coach Kevin Clifford said. “In a game like this you’ve got to play mistake-free. We didn’t. But it goes to them. Congratulations to them.
“We kind of ran into a buzzsaw. They were good today. Sometimes you have to tip your hat and say, ‘They were better today.’ That’s a hard pill to swallow.”
Both teams committed two costly first-half turnovers.
Knight and Williams coughed up fumbles by the Rams in the first quarter, while Glenvar quarterback Brody Dawyot threw two interceptions on an otherwise brilliant performance by the record-setting senior.
Glenvar turned the fumbles into a 12-0 lead on a 2-yard TD run by Dawyot and a 23-yard TD pass to Cooper Mullins.
“I tell our guys all the time that the toughest team we play is ourselves,” Lamb said. “We beat ourselves sometimes. When we don’t beat ourselves, we’re tough to beat.
“We knew coming into the game we were going to ride those big boys up front and try to wear them down. That’s been our strength all year.”
Strasburg had three possessions in the second quarter, and all reached the end zone.

Knight scored on an 8-yard run, then Williams had a 6-yard TD that wiped out Glenvar’s last lead of the game. Bosworth added a 10-yard run with 2:52 left in the first and the Rams were off and running at 21-12.
Bosworth’s score was set up when Williams intercepted a pass by Dawyot and returned the ball 22 yards to the Glenvar 18. It was a throw the VHSL’s career touchdown pass leader wished he could have had back.
“Things went our way in the first quarter, but after that I made a couple of mistakes and they took the lead from there,” Dawyot said. “They were sitting in a zone with people shooting out to the flats, and I should have seen it. I made some questionable passes.”
Dawyot needed to shoulder no blame, leading a 61-yard drive that ended with a 4-yard TD run that cut the deficit to 21-19 at halftime.
In the face of a fierce Strasburg rush that put him on his backside more than once, the 6-foot-5, 220-pound Charlotte signee completed 27 of 40 passes for 245 yards and two TDs while running for another 91 yards and two scores on 16 carries.
Dawyot either passed or ran on 56 of Glenvar’s 63 offensive plays. His two TD passes upped his VHSL career record total to 137.
See also: 2 unlikely brothers have led Glenvar to the doorstep of a state championship
“He’s awesome,” Lamb said. “I can’t wait to watch him on Saturdays on TV. I’ve been coaching high school football for 18 years and he’s by far the best player I’ve coached against. He really hurt us with his feet today. We do a pretty good job of gobbling people up with our defensive line, and there were some times out there he kind of made us look silly.”
Dawyot completed 14 passes alone for 133 yards to his brother, senior receiver Tre Dawyot. Mullins shrugged off a bum ankle to catch six passes for 55 yards.
However, Strasburg showed that the most direct way to the end zone is on the ground. The Rams threw just one pass as a wide-open Williams dropped a likely TD strike from Brayden Hough on the first play of the second quarter.
The Region 2B offensive player of the year more than made up for it with big plays on defense and the kicking game.
He returned the second half kickoff 52 yards to the Glenvar 47. It took the Rams just five plays for a 5-yard TD run by Knight.
Strasburg forced a punt and covered 64 yards in nine running plays for Bosworth’s 23-yard sprint and a 35-19 lead.
Then Williams applied the backbreaker.
Dawyot completed a short pass to Haden Henderson. However, the ball came loose, and Williams scooped it up inside Strasburg territory and bolted 55 yards for a TD for a 42-19 lead as he held up a No. 1 signal long awaited in Shenandoah County.
Glenvar (14-1) cut Strasburg’s lead to 42-27 when the Dawyot brothers hooked up for an 8-yard TD pass with 48 seconds left in the third quarter. The Highlanders gave a huge crowd on the home side of the stadium hope by forcing the Rams’ only punt, but when Britton and Sherman combined to sack Dawyot, the Highlanders’ dream of completing an undefeated season was done.
Glenvar reached the final with a 21-20 semifinal victory over previously unbeaten Union, but Strasburg was a different animal. The Highlanders also played without two injured starters — senior receiver/defensive back Jace Forster and defensive end Jake Franklin.
“Winning at any level is hard, and going 15 and 0 is even harder,” Clifford said. “I’ve lost a lot of games. You get over them. I’m disappointed for our seniors.
“Matchups are everything. Last week I thought we played really well but they run a little bit different offense than Union did. They try to spread you out, even though they’re running two [tight ends] and hit seams. And they’re good. They’re athletic up front and they move really well.”
Lamb, who played at Staunton River for head coaches Bob Gray and David Rocco, joined Strasburg’s coaching staff as an assistant coach in 2008 before he was promoted 18 months ago.
What explains such patience?
“The community,” he said. “It’s a great place to coach. It’s a great place to teach. It’s a great place to live. We’ve got the best kids. I hope to coach here another 25 years and retire.”
Strasburg…..0…21…21…7–49
Glenvar……12….7….8…0–27
First quarter
Glen–B.Dawyot 2 run (kick blocked), 3:37
Glen–Mullins 23 pass from B.Dawyot (pass failed), 0:28
Second quarter
Stras–Knight 8 run (Mora Hernandez kick), 9:11
Stras–Williams 6 run (Mora Hernandez kick), 3:57
Stras–Bosworth 10 run (Mora Hernandez kick), 2:52
Glen–B.Dawyot 4 run (Smith kick), 0:36
Third quarter
Stras–Knight 5 run (Mora Hernandez kick), 10:25
Stras–Bosworth 23 run (Mora Hernandez kick), 4:30
Stras–Williams 55 fumble return (Mora Hernandez kick), 2:38
Glen–T.Dawyot 8 pass from B.Dawyot (Mullins run), 0:48
Fourth quarter
Stras–Hough 3 run (Mora Hernandez kick), 3:15
—
TEAM STATISTICS
……………….Stras…….Glen
First downs………..23………22
Rushes-yards……58-362…..23-104
Yards passing……….0……..245
Comp-Att-Int…….0-1-0….27-40-2
Fumbles-lost………3-2……..3-1
Penalties………..4-29…….5-35
Punts………….1-47.0…..2-47.5
INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS
RUSHING–Strasburg, Williams 20-135, Bosworth 17-118, Knight 17-99, Hough 2-12, Team 2-(minus 2). Glenvar, B.Dawyot 16-91, Swanson 7-13.
PASSING–Strasburg, Hough 0-1-0–0. Glenvar, B.Dawyot 27-40-2–245.
RECEIVING–Glenvar, T.Dawyot 14-133, Mullins 6-55, Vaughan 5-43, Gordon 1-11, Henderson 1-3.
The post Strasburg’s running game blows past Glenvar as school claims first state football championship appeared first on Cardinal News.
The legacy lives in Lane: DeAngelo Hall’s standout journey as a Hokie [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (03:18 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)
Virginia-bred talent DeAngelo Hall reflected on how his legacy at Virginia Tech transformed his career on and off the field.
This Week In Techdirt History: December 7th – 13th [Techdirt] (03:00 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)
Five Years Ago
This week in 2020, the ACLU told congress not to add a terrible copyright bill to the must-pass government funding bill, Senator Tillis was trying to slide a dangerous felony streaming bill in as well (the details of which showed it was a weird gift to Hollywood at the expense of taxpayers), and Trump was doubling down again on his threat to veto the NDAA if it didn’t include a repeal of Section 230 (among other things). Meanwhile, as a parting shot on her way out of congress, Tulsi Gabbard introduced yet another attack on Section 230, while Biden’s top tech advisor trotted out his own dangerous ideas for “reforming” 230.
Ten Years Ago
This week in 2015, it was Hillary Clinton doubling down on attacks on tech, in this case demanding a “solution” for encryption and a clampdown on free speech, while Mitch McConnell was asking Obama to spell out a law that would ban encryption so the Senate could deliver it, Rep. McCaul was proposing a “commission” to “force” Silicon Valley to undermine encryption, and James Comey was teaming up with Dianne Feinstein to mislead the public about encryption and promise new legislation. Meanwhile, in the wake of the shutdown of the NSA’s Section 215 program, Senators were calling for mandatory data retention for telcos, the Associated Press was making disingenuous claims about the program, and it turned out the NSA would still be accessing the old phone metadata it collected.
Fifteen Years Ago
This week in 2010, the Wikileaks fallout continued. The more people tried to kill it, the more it spread. Twitter decided not to block it as a trending topic but stayed silent on whether it would shut down its account, while Senator Lieberman was saying the NY Times should be investigated for publishing Wikileaks documents (and we pointed out how strange it would have been if the paper had ignored them), and the State Department repeated its bizarre demand for Wikileaks to “return” leaked cables. Visa and Mastercard cut the site off after its latest leak was about them, the Defense Department appeared to be blocking any website with Wikileaks in the title, and amidst all this the State Department was going ahead with… hosting World Press Freedom Day.
The Fellowship of the Ring movie is almost 25 years old [Open source software and nice hardware] (12:55 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)
+++ Saturday 13 December 2025 +++ The Fellowship of the Ring movie is almost 25 years old ======================================================= "The Fellowship of the Ring" movie, the first of the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy, is almost 25 years old. It was released in December 2001. Time surely flies. At the time it was a big event for us. With a group of friends, all fans of the three Lord of the Rings books, we went to see the movie in the opening week. The movie didn't disappoint, although in your head the characters look differently, of course. With the same group we made an event of seeing the next parts. The second episode, "The Two Towers", followed about a year later. With the same group, we first watched the DVD of "The Fellowship", and went to the cinema directly afterward. When the third episode, "The Return of the King" was released, we did the same. First watch the DVDs of the first two episodes, and went to the cinema to watch the third and final part. It is amazing that this is already so long ago. Time to see if the movies are still on some disk, and do a new LOTR-marathon. Maybe somewhere between X-mas and New Years Eve ... Last edited: $Date: 2025/12/13 18:55:12 $
The Joy of Multiplicity – Using the Nikon FM10 for The In-Between [35mmc] (11:00 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)
There’s a quiet honesty in working with the Nikon FM10. It’s not an expensive camera nor a collector’s prize, but its simplicity makes it indispensable to my process. The FM10 offers no illusions of sophistication; just a sturdy mechanical frame, a fully manual interface, and one humble advantage: the ability to make multiple exposures with...
The post The Joy of Multiplicity – Using the Nikon FM10 for The In-Between appeared first on 35mmc.
Danse Macabre – my favorite photo of 2025 [35mmc] (08:00 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)
I took this shot around 3:30 pm on Halloween just outside my place in Brooklyn. I had been looking forward to shooting NYC’s bacchanal Halloween festivities for weeks and I was in a rush to get to the West Village where there is a massive annual street party that was my intended destination. But as...
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A Summer Workshop and my Yashica Electro 35 G [35mmc] (05:00 , Saturday, 13 December 2025)
In my previous post, I mentioned I teach Advanced Placement (AP) Drawing and 2-Dimensional Design. Over the summer, I attended the AP Summer Institute (APSI) at the University of Texas at Arlington to renew my AP certification. This is a requirement to teach AP that I attend, every 4 years. The APSI is a 30-hour,...
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A (long) day at the Blacksburg mayoral recount: Sutphin prevails [Cardinal News] (11:09 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

After a ballot recount that took nearly 12 hours on Friday, Michael Sutphin was confirmed as Blacksburg’s mayor-elect by 18 votes — the same margin from the initial ballot count.
In the recount, Sutphin received 5,574 votes (50.08%) and his opponent Pete Macedo received 5,556 votes (49.91%). The initial ballot count from Nov. 4 had Sutphin at 5,573 votes (49.35%) and Macedo at 5,555 votes (49.19%).
Standing under a star-studded sky — finally clear after a day of snow flurries — Mayor-elect Sutphin addressed reporters: “It was a very long day, kind of stressful. I’d definitely like to thank everyone at the Montgomery County of Elections. I’d like to thank Pete for a very hard-fought race. If there’s any lesson to be learned from this election it’s that every vote matters. At the end of the day, I’m the mayor, but it’s very important for all perspectives in town to be taken into consideration when we’re making decisions and moving forward together as a community.”
Macedo, his eyes tired but his smile strong, also ended the day with remarks about gratitude and togetherness: “It was amazing to spend so much time talking to community members and learning from them. This was not just me. This was so many people … I can’t get over how responsive people were. … Everybody we reached out to [to be poll workers] was very excited to do it. … They thanked me for asking them to do this. When everyone is thanking each other, you know you’re doing something right.”
Sutphin is a four-term town council member whose platform centered on strengthening Blacksburg’s infrastructure.

Macedo is the owner of Blacksburg Bagels and focused his campaign on the need for transparent and inclusive local leadership.
On Election Day in November the race was too close to call, with Macedo leading by 45 votes before more than 2,000 provisional ballots were verified. Most of those provisional ballots came from precincts heavily populated with Virginia Tech students.
After losing to Sutphin by 18 votes, Macedo requested a recount. Virginia law allows for recounts when the voting margin is 1% or less. Because the margin was not more than 0.5%, Montgomery County is responsible for the cost of the recount. Connie Viar, Montgomery County director of elections and general registrar, did not have a cost estimate as of Dec. 11, but said that the 16 recount officials will each be paid $250 for the day, plus reimbursed 70 cents per mile. Costs will also include paying for voting equipment and machine technicians. Equipment on a “normal” Election Day costs $1,475, according to Viar, but she did not know how much the equipment vendor would charge for the two-day recount.
The recount proceeded at the Montgomery County Office of Elections in Christiansburg in accordance with the Montgomery County court order. Five scanning machines and three hand-count stations were used to recount the ballots. A sixth scanning machine was approved for use at approximately 3 p.m. Ballots were first scanned by recount officials. Any ballots not readable or “otherwise amenable” to counting by the scanner were set aside to be hand counted. Any ballots that were hand counted on Election Day were also hand counted at the recount. Three judges were present in addition to local election officials and Macedo’s lawyer. The judges and lawyers wore suits and ties. Almost everyone else was in sweaters and sweatshirts, jeans and khakis, winter boots, cowboy boots, hiking shoes and — in the case of Tiffany Couch, clerk of circuit court — sparkly sneakers.
Sutphin and Macedo each had 16 representatives attend the recount, for a total of 32 candidate-chosen individuals closely watching the process.
Eight of each candidate’s representatives were recount officials whom Sutphin and Macedo selected from a list of approximately 200 current Montgomery County election officers.
The other eight of each candidate’s representatives were observers whom Sutphin and Macedo selected from the community. Sutphin’s observers were mainly members of the Blacksburg Town Council plus a college friend. Macedo’s observers were campaign contributors and local “stakeholders” who live within and outside town limits.
Observers wore neon green “authorized” tags hanging from bright orange lanyards, while election officials had navy blue lanyards. Substitute observers filled in for observers who temporarily left the building for a variety of engagements including doctor appointments and job interviews.

Kim Kipling, chair of the Blacksburg Zoning Commission, served as an observer for Sutphin. He said that if Macedo had won the ballot count on Election Day, he wouldn’t have wanted Sutphin to call for a recount unless the margin had been only 4 or 5 votes: “[The recount is] elaborate machinery to do something very simple. It’s costing a lot of time and money that is not necessary.”
On the other hand, Leslie Harwood, one of Macedo’s observers, saw the recount as a necessity for “resolution. We worked so hard for so many months and thought we’d know something on Election Day, then the day after Election Day, then it was we’ll know something next week. So, resolution is what comes to mind of what the recount means to me.”
She gripped a red soda can as she described the most important thing she’d learned Friday: “I realized even more how elected officials and everyone here want this to be a fair process. Officials see this as a necessary step to the truth.” Harwood said Friday’s recount was transparent, and she is “happy” with the process.
Another of Macedo’s observers, Tracie Harrah, food entrepreneur and owner of Under the Green Umbrella, agreed with Harwood. “Today shows that the system works.” Harrah’s brother, Shayne Snavely, a political consultant and another of Macedo’s observers, also said that the process had been smooth and proved that “you don’t have to come in disliking your opponent or bashing the opponent.”
Jerry Ford, an observer for Sutphin and town council member, remarked that the process was “fascinating to watch. It’s encouraging to see the checks and balances and professionalism of the registrar.”
Throughout the day, no one spoke of rigged elections or a broken system. Looking across the room, it was hard to discern who was representing Sutphin and who was representing Macedo.
Friday’s recount was the 22nd election that election official Melissa Wright has worked. Breen, director of the Food Producer Technical Assistance Network at Virginia Tech, said, “We take it very seriously. Every ballot that comes through our hands is counted and treated equally whether it’s a student or the mayor. It doesn’t matter whether it’s someone who has lived in Blacksburg for six years or 60 years.”
Wright viewed the recount as a “piece of the puzzle in guaranteeing that Virginia has free and fair elections.” The recount was Wright’s first experience with a recount and she hopes to learn “anything we can do better to help in the future.”
Highlighting differences between the two candidates, Macedo emphasized that his observers were a “diverse” group from the community in contrast to Sutphin’s observers who were primarily current town council members.
Both Macedo and Sutphin chatted with their observers throughout the day. There was a hum of talk as officials and observers walked between long tables, the scanners, and various envelopes and stacks of ballots. As the day progressed, the snow tapered off.
Several times, an election official hushed the group, “It’s getting a little bit too loud — keep it down.”
Steven Gillespie, an observer for Sutphin, said, “Everyone is collegial, making sure the results are accurate. There’s no tension, no nastiness from the candidates.” Observers for Sutphin and Macedo snacked on Becca’s bars, gluten-free treats that Macedo had brought from his bakery. At 3 p.m., the judges approved a sixth scanner.
Earlier in the day, Sutphin, in a navy blue blazer over a navy sweater vest and navy tie, described his top emotion as the Will Ferrell meme “STRESSED.”
Macedo, in a tan and black flannel shirt with deep pockets for a Rubik’s cube, his 21-year-old cat Liza’s goldfish-shaped toy and a blue ceramic orb in remembrance of his father, said he primarily felt excited. With the faint gleam of a tear, he said, “If I’m the new mayor or not, I want Blacksburg to know two things. First, you’ve got me however this goes down. Second, you is singular and plural — it’s not just me but all of us. So what I’m going to do, whether I’m mayor or not, is make sure everyone remembers that Blacksburg needs you.”
Sutphin, after a brief joke about taking a nap as his first action after the recount, explained that his initial focus after the results come in would be on town governance procedures. Sutphin said that if elected mayor, he would resign from his town council seat on Jan. 1 and lead the process to appoint a new council member for that seat within 45 days. A special election for that council seat will occur in November 2026.
Considerably more votes were cast in the 2025 mayoral election (11,130) than any mayoral election in the last 20 years. In 2021, 8,506 ballots were cast for mayor; in 2017, 9,532 ballots were cast; and in 2013, 6,608 ballots were cast, according to the Virginia Department of Election’s historical elections database, which publishes state voting data from 2000 onward.
Asked if they were to do one thing differently in his campaign, Sutphin said he would have knocked on more doors and sent more postcards. Macedo would have changed the timing of “getting involved” on the Virginia Tech campus. He spoke strongly about the need for more ways that independent candidates can communicate with the public, since they don’t rely on political parties for backing.
Macedo and Sutphin both ran as independents and both said that being the Blacksburg mayor is a nonpartisan role.
They also both spoke of the recount as a valuable learning process. Sutphin, who did not hire a lawyer, said, “A lot more goes into elections that I didn’t know. There’s a level of complexity that I’m learning about.”
Macedo, who did hire a lawyer and has so far raised about $5,000 toward the estimated $10,000 to $15,000 cost, said, “The fact that we get a recount is a win because it’s a learning experience. Getting to this point is a success because we get to learn more and [develop] resources for residents who want to run for office in the future.”
Macedo added that his number one motivation for running for mayor was “to learn the process and make sure everyone’s voice is heard.” He continued, “I didn’t say, ‘I want to run for mayor.’ People said, ‘You should run for mayor,’ and I agreed.”
Macedo estimated that in the time it took for the recount his bakery could turn out 1,000 bagels, 200 sourdoughs and 200 pretzels.
Harwood, Macedo’s observer, hopes that people in Blacksburg know the importance of mayoral elections and aims to take an even greater role in community governance in the future. She said, “Local politics is where your voice as a community member can make a difference.”
This recount proves that local voices do make a difference. And the recount, as Sutphin said mid-afternoon, was held to “make sure that every voice is heard.”
Editor’s note 6:40 a.m.: The story has been revised to properly attribute a quote of Melissa Wright.
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The Measles Outbreak In South Carolina Is Growing [Techdirt] (10:39 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
I’m certain some people are getting tired of this refrain, but I’m going to keep repeating it to make the point: we shouldn’t have to talk about measles in this country in 2025. This is a disease that had been officially put in elimination status for America over two decades ago. We were done with this, thanks in large part to a dedicated campaign of MMR vaccinations and a government that advocated for those same vaccinations. It was after that when the anti-vaxxer campaigns really began to spring up. RFK Jr. was, of course, one of, if not the, leading voices in that movement.
Now that he is in charge of American health, I suppose it’s not surprising to see measles included in a number of diseases that are raging when they shouldn’t be. We recently talked about an outbreak currently going in South Carolina, which itself originated from the Texas outbreak earlier in the year. Well, that outbreak is getting worse, and health officials are suggesting it will continue getting even worse for some time.
A measles outbreak that began in South Carolina at the start of October is showing no signs of slowing as officials on Tuesday reported 27 new cases since Friday. Those cases bring the outbreak total to 111.
In an update on Tuesday, South Carolina’s health department suggested the spread is far from over. Of the state’s 27 new cases, 16 were linked to exposure at a church, the Way of Truth Church in Inman. And amid the new cases, new exposures were identified at Inman Intermediate School. That’s on top of exposures announced Friday at four other schools in the region, which led to well over 100 students being quarantined.
The end result is that there are, as of this writing, over 250 people quarantining. All of them reportedly are both unvaccinated for measles and have been recently exposed to the disease. If any appreciable percentage of those in quarantine end up ill, and I have no doubt that will happen, it could mean that there is a much larger pre-symptom spread that occurred, which itself will lead to even more infections. That how infectious diseases work, after all, and there are few if any diseases as infectious as measles.
And these are, of course, in counties and areas where there are both relatively low vaccination rates and a very high rate of those seeking religious exemptions from vaccination requirements.
The two counties’ low vaccination rates are coupled with high rates of religious exemptions. Spartanburg has the state’s highest rate, with 8.2 percent of students exempt from the school vaccination requirement based on religious beliefs. Neighboring Greenville has a religious vaccination exemption rate of 5.3 percent.
It’s very interesting just how much one god or another enjoys infecting their believers with measles.
This continues to be a problem nation wide. We’re quickly approaching 2,000 (!!!!!) confirmed cases of measles this year, blowing past total case counts for the last several decades. More undiagnosed cases certainly exist. We’re going to blow way past that 2,000 number as well, in no small part thanks to this outbreak in South Carolina.
Measles is a horrible disease. Just get your damned shots.
How Cops Are Using Flock Safety’s ALPR Network To Surveil Protesters And Activists [Techdirt] (06:36 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
It’s no secret that 2025 has given Americans plenty to protest about. But as news cameras showed protesters filling streets of cities across the country, law enforcement officers—including U.S. Border Patrol agents—were quietly watching those same streets through different lenses: Flock Safety automated license plate readers (ALPRs) that tracked every passing car.
Through an analysis of 10 months of nationwide searches on Flock Safety’s servers, we discovered that more than 50 federal, state, and local agencies ran hundreds of searches through Flock’s national network of surveillance data in connection with protest activity. In some cases, law enforcement specifically targeted known activist groups, demonstrating how mass surveillance technology increasingly threatens our freedom to demonstrate.
Flock Safety provides ALPR technology to thousands of law enforcement agencies. The company installs cameras throughout their jurisdictions, and these cameras photograph every car that passes, documenting the license plate, color, make, model and other distinguishing characteristics. This data is paired with time and location, and uploaded to a massive searchable database. Flock Safety encourages agencies to share the data they collect broadly with other agencies across the country. It is common for an agency to search thousands of networks nationwide even when they don’t have reason to believe a targeted vehicle left the region.
Via public records requests, EFF obtained datasets representing more than 12 million searches logged by more than 3,900 agencies between December 2024 and October 2025. The data shows that agencies logged hundreds of searches related to the 50501 protests in February, the Hands Off protests in April, the No Kings protests in June and October, and other protests in between.
The Tulsa Police Department in Oklahoma was one of the most consistent users of Flock Safety’s ALPR system for investigating protests, logging at least 38 such searches. This included running searches that corresponded to a protest against deportation raids in February, a protest at Tulsa City Hall in support of pro-Palestinian activist Mahmoud Khalil in March, and the No Kings protest in June. During the most recent No Kings protests in mid-October, agencies such as the Lisle Police Department in Illinois, the Oro Valley Police Department in Arizona, and the Putnam County (Tenn.) Sheriff’s Office all ran protest-related searches.
While EFF and other civil liberties groups argue the law should require a search warrant for such searches, police are simply prompted to enter text into a “reason” field in the Flock Safety system. Usually this is only a few words–or even just one.
In these cases, that word was often just “protest.”
Crime does sometimes occur at protests, whether that’s property damage, pick-pocketing, or clashes between groups on opposite sides of a protest. Some of these searches may have been tied to an actual crime that occurred, even though in most cases officers did not articulate a criminal offense when running the search. But the truth is, the only reason an officer is able to even search for a suspect at a protest is because ALPRs collected data on every single person who attended the protest.
2025 was an unprecedented year of street action. In June and again in October, thousands across the country mobilized under the banner of the “No Kings” movement—marches against government overreach, surveillance, and corporate power. By some estimates, the October demonstrations ranked among the largest single-day protests in U.S. history, filling the streets from Washington, D.C., to Portland, OR.
EFF identified 19 agencies that logged dozens of searches associated with the No Kings protests in June and October 2025. In some cases the “No Kings” was explicitly used, while in others the term “protest” was used but coincided with the massive protests.
| Law Enforcement Agencies that Ran Searches Corresponding with “No Kings” Rallies * Anaheim Police Department, Calif. * Arizona Department of Public Safety * Beaumont Police Department, Texas * Charleston Police Department, SC * Flagler County Sheriff’s Office, Fla. * Georgia State Patrol * Lisle Police Department, Ill. * Little Rock Police Department, Ark. * Marion Police Department, Ohio * Morristown Police Department, Tenn. * Oro Valley Police Department, Ariz. * Putnam County Sheriff’s Office, Tenn. * Richmond Police Department, Va. * Riverside County Sheriff’s Office, Calif. * Salinas Police Department, Calif. * San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Office, Calif. * Spartanburg Police Department, SC * Tempe Police Department, Ariz. * Tulsa Police Department, Okla. * US Border Patrol |
For example:
But the No Kings protests weren’t the only demonstrations drawing law enforcement’s digital dragnet in 2025.
For example:
Some agencies have adopted policies that prohibit using ALPRs for monitoring activities protected by the First Amendment. Yet many officers probed the nationwide network with terms like “protest” without articulating an actual crime under investigation.
In a few cases, police were using Flock’s ALPR network to investigate threats made against attendees or incidents where motorists opposed to the protests drove their vehicle into crowds. For example, throughout June 2025, an Arizona Department of Public Safety officer logged three searches for “no kings rock threat,” and a Wichita (Kan.) Police Department officer logged 22 searches for various license plates under the reason “Crime Stoppers Tip of causing harm during protests.”
Even when law enforcement is specifically looking for vehicles engaged in potentially criminal behavior such as threatening protesters, it cannot be ignored that mass surveillance systems work by collecting data on everyone driving to or near a protest—not just those under suspicion.
As U.S. Border Patrol (USBP), ICE, and other federal agencies tasked with immigration enforcement have massively expanded operations into major cities, advocates for immigrants have responded through organized rallies, rapid-response confrontations, and extended presences at federal facilities.
USBP has made extensive use of Flock Safety’s system for immigration enforcement, but also to target those who object to its tactics. In June, a few days after the No Kings Protest, USBP ran three searches for a vehicle using the descriptor “Portland Riots.”
USBP also used the Flock Safety network to investigate a motorist who had “extended his middle finger” at Border Patrol vehicles that were transporting detainees. The motorist then allegedly drove in front of one of the vehicles and slowed down, forcing the Border Patrol vehicle to brake hard. An officer ran seven searches for his plate, citing “assault on agent” and “18 usc 111,” the federal criminal statute for assaulting, resisting or impeding a federal officer. The individual was charged in federal court in early August.
USBP had access to the Flock system during a trial period in the first half of 2025, but the company says it has since paused the agency’s access to the system. However, Border Patrol and other federal immigration authorities have been able to access the system’s data through local agencies who have run searches on their behalf or even lent them logins.
Law enforcement’s use of Flock’s ALPR network to surveil protesters isn’t limited to large-scale political demonstrations. Three agencies also used the system dozens of times to specifically target activists from Direct Action Everywhere (DxE), an animal-rights organization known for using civil disobedience tactics to expose conditions at factory farms.
Delaware State Police queried the Flock national network nine times in March 2025 related to DxE actions, logging reasons such as “DxE Protest Suspect Vehicle.” DxE advocates told EFF that these searches correspond to an investigation the organization undertook of a Mountaire Farms facility.
Additionally, the California Highway Patrol logged dozens of searches related to a “DXE Operation” throughout the day on May 27, 2025. The organization says this corresponds with an annual convening in California that typically ends in a direct action. Participants leave the event early in the morning, then drive across the state to a predetermined but previously undisclosed protest site. Also in May, the Merced County Sheriff’s Office in California logged two searches related to “DXE activity.”
As an organization engaged in direct activism, DxE has experienced criminal prosecution for its activities, and so the organization told EFF they were not surprised to learn they are under scrutiny from law enforcement, particularly considering how industrial farmers have collected and distributed their own intelligence to police.
The targeting of DxE activists reveals how ALPR surveillance extends beyond conventional and large-scale political protests to target groups engaged in activism that challenges powerful industries. For animal-rights activists, the knowledge that their vehicles are being tracked through a national surveillance network undeniably creates a chilling effect on their ability to organize and demonstrate.
ALPR systems are designed to capture information on every vehicle that passes within view. That means they don’t just capture data on “criminals” but on everyone, all the time—and that includes people engaged in their First Amendment right to publicly dissent. Police are sitting on massive troves of data that can reveal who attended a protest, and this data shows they are not afraid to use it.
Our analysis only includes data where agencies explicitly mentioned protests or related terms in the “reason” field when documenting their search. It’s likely that scores more were conducted under less obvious pretexts and search reasons. According to our analysis, approximately 20 percent of all searches we reviewed listed vague language like “investigation,” “suspect,” and “query” in the reason field. Those terms could well be cover for spying on a protest, an abortion prosecution, or an officer stalking a spouse, and no one would be the wiser–including the agencies whose data was searched. Flock has said it will now require officers to select a specific crime under investigation, but that can and will also be used to obfuscate dubious searches.
For protestors, this data should serve as confirmation that ALPR surveillance has been and will be used to target activities protected by the First Amendment. Depending on your threat model, this means you should think carefully about how you arrive at protests, and explore options such as by biking, walking, carpooling, taking public transportation, or simply parking a little further away from the action. Our Surveillance Self-Defense project has more information on steps you could take to protect your privacy when traveling to and attending a protest.
For local officials, this should serve as another example of how systems marketed as protecting your community may actually threaten the values your communities hold most dear. The best way to protect people is to shut down these camera networks.
Everyone should have the right to speak up against injustice without ending up in a database.
Originally posted to the EFF’s Deeplinks blog.
OpenAI built an AI coding agent and uses it to improve the agent itself [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (05:16 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
With the popularity of AI coding tools rising among some software developers, their adoption has begun to touch every aspect of the process, including the improvement of AI coding tools themselves.
In interviews with Ars Technica this week, OpenAI employees revealed the extent to which the company now relies on its own AI coding agent, Codex, to build and improve the development tool. “I think the vast majority of Codex is built by Codex, so it’s almost entirely just being used to improve itself,” said Alexander Embiricos, product lead for Codex at OpenAI, in a conversation on Tuesday.
Codex, which OpenAI launched in its modern incarnation as a research preview in May 2025, operates as a cloud-based software engineering agent that can handle tasks like writing features, fixing bugs, and proposing pull requests. The tool runs in sandboxed environments linked to a user’s code repository and can execute multiple tasks in parallel. OpenAI offers Codex through ChatGPT’s web interface, a command-line interface (CLI), and IDE extensions for VS Code, Cursor, and Windsurf.
Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. [Cardinal News] (04:35 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

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Six Virginia High School League football championships will be decided Saturday in games in Harrisonburg, Lynchburg and Salem. Here’s a preview of each:
OSCAR SMITH (12-1) vs. NORTH STAFFORD (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Oscar Smith (Chesapeake); North Stafford (Stafford)
Nicknames: Oscar Smith (Tigers); North Stafford (Wolverines)
Coaches: Oscar Smith (Chris Scott); North Stafford (Marquez Hall)
How they got here: Oscar Smith was seeded No. 1 in Region 6A. The Tigers received a first-round bye and defeated L.C. Bird 50-0 and Thomas Dale 48-7. North Stafford was seeded No. 3 in Region 6B. The Wolverines defeated Independence 52-14, No. 2 Battlefield 21-6 and Woodbridge 49-33.
State semifinals: Oscar Smith defeated James Madison 34-28; North Stafford defeated West Springfield 19-7.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Oscar Smith 67-17; North Stafford 27-18.
Playoff history: Oscar Smith owns five Class 6 state titles (2024, 2021, 2020, 2011, 2008) and the Tigers had five state runner-up finishes from 2013-2019. North Stafford placed second in Class 5 in 2004 and reached Class 5 state semifinals in 2015 and 2018.
Quick kicks: Oscar Smith High opened in 1954 after the closure of old South Norfolk High. The Tigers had four head coaches in a five-year period from 2015-19. North Stafford opened in 1981. Las Vegas Raiders receivers coach Chris Beatty was the head coach at North Stafford for three seasons from 1998-2000. Smith wide receiver Travis Johnson has signed with Michigan. North Stafford safety Kenaz Sullivan holds a number of Class of 27 offers including Ohio State, Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.
MAURY (13-1) vs. HIGHLAND SPRINGS (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Maury (Norfolk); Highland Springs (Henrico County)
Nicknames: Maury (Commodores); Highland Springs (Springers)
Coaches: Maury (Dyrri McCain); Highland Springs (Loren Johnson)
How they got here: Maury was seeded No. 2 in Region 5B. The Commodores defeated Woodside 64-6, Warwick 42-10 and No. 1 seed King’s Fork 49-6. Highland Springs was seeded No. 2 in Region 5C. The Springers defeated Glen Allen 28-9, William Fleming 37-7 and Hermitage 21-13.
State semifinals: Maury defeated Stone Bridge 48-27; Highland Springs defeated Indian River 35-8.
Series history: Highland Springs leads 4-2
Last meeting: Maury won 38-7 in 2024 regular season.
Playoff won-lost records: Maury 34-19; Highland Springs 62-35.
Playoff history: Maury was the Group AAA runner-up in 1972, long before beginning a run of six Class 5 finals appearances from 2019-24 with championships in ’19, ’23 and ’24 capped by a 46-0 win over Briar Woods. Highland Springs has played in eight state finals, winning Class 5 titles in 2015, ’16, ’17, ’18 and ’22. The Springers were the Class 6 runner-up in 2023 and Group AAA runner-up in 1978.
Quick kicks: Maury will be without linebacker Ike Simmons, a Pittsburgh signee, following an injury in the Region 5B final. Highland Springs coach Johnson was a defensive back at Virginia Tech from 1995-98. He has coached the Springers to 42 of their 62 career postseason victories. This is the only one of the six VHSL finals in which the opponents have played each other previously. Highland Springs defeated Maury 33-19 in the 2022 Class 5 final to complete a 15-0 season.
VARINA (12-2) vs. LOUDOUN COUNTY (12-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Varina (Chesterfield County); Loudoun County (Leesburg)
Nicknames: Varina (Blue Devils); Loudoun County (Captains).
Coaches: Varina (Marcus Lewis); Loudoun County (Matt Reiedenbaugh)
How they got here: Varina was seeded No. 4 in Region 4B. The Blue Devils defeated Courtland 47-6, No. 1 Dinwiddie 34-0 and Huguenot 21-12. Loudoun County was seeded No. 1 in Region 4B. The Captains received a first-round bye and defeated Heritage-Leesburg 14-13 and Loudoun Valley 28-14.
State semifinals: Varina defeated Jefferson Forest 49-21; Loudoun County defeated Lafayette 25-23.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Varina 42-27; Loudoun County 15-19.
Playoff history: Varina won the 2021 Class 4 title 28-21 over Broad Run. Varina was the Class 6 runner-up in 1998 and 1999, and lost 23-6 to Phoebus in the 2024 Class 4 final. Loudoun County made a Class 4 state semifinal in 2022 and region finals in 1985 and 2012.
Quick kicks: Varina’s lone losses are to Class 5 semifinalist Maury (14-13) and North Carolina Class 7 semifinalist Greensboro Grimsley (21-14). Varina boasts a pair of UVa signees: lineman JaySean Richardson and athlete DaMari Carter, along with West Virginia signee SirPaul Cheeks, a running back. Loudoun County’s offensive line is powered by Clemson recruit Carter Scruggs and Catoctin District offensive player of the year Montez Dyson. Loudoun County also lost out of state, 35-34 to Jefferson (W.Va.).
LAKE TAYLOR (12-2) vs. KETTLE RUN (13-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Lake Taylor (Norfolk); Kettle Run (Nokesville)
Nicknames: Lake Taylor (Titans); Kettle Run (Cougars).
Coaches: Lake Taylor (Hank Sawyer); Kettle Run (Delmar Christian)
How they got here: Lake Taylor was seeded No. 2 in Region 3A. The Titans defeated Colonial Heights 49-6, I.C. Norcom 20-7 and Petersburg 40-26; Kettle Run was seeded No. 1 in Region 3B. The Cougars defeated Warren County 63-0, Brentsville 35-12 and Skyline 35-14.
State semifinals: Lake Taylor defeated Magna Vista 27-21; Kettle Run defeated Liberty Christian 29-28.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Lake Taylor 45-27; Kettle Run 22-11.
Playoff history: Lake Taylor owns state titles in 2012 (Class 5), and 2014 and 2019 (Class 4) with runner-up finishes in 2015, 2018 and 2021 (spring). The Titans’ last state final was a 28-20 home loss to Salem. Kettle Run reached a region final in its fourth year as a school in 2011. Kettle Run lost to Dinwiddie 65-20 in the Class 4 state final in 2022 and fell to Liberty Christian 42-6 in the Class 3 final in 2024.
Quick kicks: Lake Taylor has an 8-0 all-time record in state semifinals. Kettle Run’s Christian is a first-year head coach following the departure of Charlie Porterfield after nine seasons. Both teams won semifinals in thrilling fashion. Lake Taylor quarterback Kevin Adams hit Magerald Clark on a 27-yard TD pass to break a tie as time ran out against Magna Vista, while Kettle Run overcame a 28-9 deficit to eliminate two-time defending champion Liberty Christian.
STRASBURG (12-1) vs. GLENVAR (14-0)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Strasburg (Shenandoah County); Glenvar (Roanoke County)
School nicknames: Strasburg (Rams); Glenvar (Highlanders)
Coaches: Strasburg (Tripp Lamb); Glenvar (Kevin Clifford)
How they got here: Strasburg received a first-round bye and defeated Central-Woodstock 35-6 and Stuarts Draft 54-7. Glenvar was seeded No. 1 in Region 2C. The Highlanders defeated Nelson County 50-0, Radford 27-3 and Gretna 41-6.
State semifinals: Strasburg defeated Poquoson 31-10; Glenvar defeated Union 21-20.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Strasburg 38-31; Glenvar 27-16
Playoff history: Strasburg has lost all five of its state finals: to Parry McCluer (1987), Jonesville (1988), Appalachia (1992) and Bath County (1995) in Division 1; and to Graham 31-8 in Class 2 in 2024. Glenvar won the 2014 Division 2 championship with a 21-20 overtime victory over Wilson Memorial under Clifford in the school’s only previous trip to a state final.
Quick kicks: Strasburg has won 10 games in a row since a 28-20 loss to Class 3 Broadway. The Rams have rushed for 4,725 yards in 13 games including 1,863 yards and 25 TDs by Region 2B offensive player of the year Quincy Williams. Lamb is a graduate of Staunton River High School who has guided Strasburg to state finals in both his seasons as head coach. Glenvar senior quarterback Brody Dawyot, who as returned to the lineup after suffering a shoulder injury in early November, owns the VHSL record for the most career touchdown passes with 135. Dawyot, a UNC Charlotte signee, has passed for 2,557 yards and 37 TDs with just four interceptions this season.
See also: “2 unlikely brothers have led Glenvar to the doorstep of a state championship.”
RAPPAHANNOCK (12-2) vs. RYE COVE (11-3)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Rappahannock (Warsaw); Rye Cove (Clinchport)
Nicknames: Rappahannock (Raiders); Rye Cove (Eagles)
Coaches: Rappahannock (William West); Rye Cove (Gary Collier)
How they got here: Rappahannock was seeded No. 3 in Region 1A. The Raiders received a forfeit from West Point and defeated Northampton 55-18 and Essex 19-16. Rye Cove was seeded No. 3 in Region 1D. The Eagles defeated Holston 61-14, Chilhowie 21-13 and Eastside 32-12.
State semifinals: Rappahannock defeated Buffalo Gap 38-32; Rye Cove defeated Grayson County 7-6.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Rappahannock 14-24; Rye Cove 14-17.
Playoff history: Rappahannock reached state semifinals in 1988 and 1992.
Quick kicks: Rappahannock’s Kenneth Madison rushed for 372 yards in a Region 1A semifinal victory over Northumberland and is averaging 13.5 yards per carry this season. Rye Cove’s victory over Grayson County was its first in a state semifinal, having lost to Grayson 40-34 in 2024 and to 42-18 to Bath County 42-18 in 2000. Both teams are seeking their first state championship.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
The post Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. appeared first on Cardinal News.
Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. [Cardinal News] (04:35 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

New to Cardinal News? Sign up for one of our free newsletters to keep up-to-date:
Six Virginia High School League football championships will be decided Saturday in games in Harrisonburg, Lynchburg and Salem. Here’s a preview of each:
OSCAR SMITH (12-1) vs. NORTH STAFFORD (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Oscar Smith (Chesapeake); North Stafford (Stafford)
Nicknames: Oscar Smith (Tigers); North Stafford (Wolverines)
Coaches: Oscar Smith (Chris Scott); North Stafford (Marquez Hall)
How they got here: Oscar Smith was seeded No. 1 in Region 6A. The Tigers received a first-round bye and defeated L.C. Bird 50-0 and Thomas Dale 48-7. North Stafford was seeded No. 3 in Region 6B. The Wolverines defeated Independence 52-14, No. 2 Battlefield 21-6 and Woodbridge 49-33.
State semifinals: Oscar Smith defeated James Madison 34-28; North Stafford defeated West Springfield 19-7.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Oscar Smith 67-17; North Stafford 27-18.
Playoff history: Oscar Smith owns five Class 6 state titles (2024, 2021, 2020, 2011, 2008) and the Tigers had five state runner-up finishes from 2013-2019. North Stafford placed second in Class 5 in 2004 and reached Class 5 state semifinals in 2015 and 2018.
Quick kicks: Oscar Smith High opened in 1954 after the closure of old South Norfolk High. The Tigers had four head coaches in a five-year period from 2015-19. North Stafford opened in 1981. Las Vegas Raiders receivers coach Chris Beatty was the head coach at North Stafford for three seasons from 1998-2000. Smith wide receiver Travis Johnson has signed with Michigan. North Stafford safety Kenaz Sullivan holds a number of Class of 27 offers including Ohio State, Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.
MAURY (13-1) vs. HIGHLAND SPRINGS (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Maury (Norfolk); Highland Springs (Henrico County)
Nicknames: Maury (Commodores); Highland Springs (Springers)
Coaches: Maury (Dyrri McCain); Highland Springs (Loren Johnson)
How they got here: Maury was seeded No. 2 in Region 5B. The Commodores defeated Woodside 64-6, Warwick 42-10 and No. 1 seed King’s Fork 49-6. Highland Springs was seeded No. 2 in Region 5C. The Springers defeated Glen Allen 28-9, William Fleming 37-7 and Hermitage 21-13.
State semifinals: Maury defeated Stone Bridge 48-27; Highland Springs defeated Indian River 35-8.
Series history: Highland Springs leads 4-2
Last meeting: Maury won 38-7 in 2024 regular season.
Playoff won-lost records: Maury 34-19; Highland Springs 62-35.
Playoff history: Maury was the Group AAA runner-up in 1972, long before beginning a run of six Class 5 finals appearances from 2019-24 with championships in ’19, ’23 and ’24 capped by a 46-0 win over Briar Woods. Highland Springs has played in eight state finals, winning Class 5 titles in 2015, ’16, ’17, ’18 and ’22. The Springers were the Class 6 runner-up in 2023 and Group AAA runner-up in 1978.
Quick kicks: Maury will be without linebacker Ike Simmons, a Pittsburgh signee, following an injury in the Region 5B final. Highland Springs coach Johnson was a defensive back at Virginia Tech from 1995-98. He has coached the Springers to 42 of their 62 career postseason victories. This is the only one of the six VHSL finals in which the opponents have played each other previously. Highland Springs defeated Maury 33-19 in the 2022 Class 5 final to complete a 15-0 season.
VARINA (12-2) vs. LOUDOUN COUNTY (12-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Varina (Chesterfield County); Loudoun County (Leesburg)
Nicknames: Varina (Blue Devils); Loudoun County (Captains).
Coaches: Varina (Marcus Lewis); Loudoun County (Matt Reiedenbaugh)
How they got here: Varina was seeded No. 4 in Region 4B. The Blue Devils defeated Courtland 47-6, No. 1 Dinwiddie 34-0 and Huguenot 21-12. Loudoun County was seeded No. 1 in Region 4B. The Captains received a first-round bye and defeated Heritage-Leesburg 14-13 and Loudoun Valley 28-14.
State semifinals: Varina defeated Jefferson Forest 49-21; Loudoun County defeated Lafayette 25-23.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Varina 42-27; Loudoun County 15-19.
Playoff history: Varina won the 2021 Class 4 title 28-21 over Broad Run. Varina was the Class 6 runner-up in 1998 and 1999, and lost 23-6 to Phoebus in the 2024 Class 4 final. Loudoun County made a Class 4 state semifinal in 2022 and region finals in 1985 and 2012.
Quick kicks: Varina’s lone losses are to Class 5 semifinalist Maury (14-13) and North Carolina Class 7 semifinalist Greensboro Grimsley (21-14). Varina boasts a pair of UVa signees: lineman JaySean Richardson and athlete DaMari Carter, along with West Virginia signee SirPaul Cheeks, a running back. Loudoun County’s offensive line is powered by Clemson recruit Carter Scruggs and Catoctin District offensive player of the year Montez Dyson. Loudoun County also lost out of state, 35-34 to Jefferson (W.Va.).
LAKE TAYLOR (12-2) vs. KETTLE RUN (13-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Lake Taylor (Norfolk); Kettle Run (Nokesville)
Nicknames: Lake Taylor (Titans); Kettle Run (Cougars).
Coaches: Lake Taylor (Hank Sawyer); Kettle Run (Delmar Christian)
How they got here: Lake Taylor was seeded No. 2 in Region 3A. The Titans defeated Colonial Heights 49-6, I.C. Norcom 20-7 and Petersburg 40-26; Kettle Run was seeded No. 1 in Region 3B. The Cougars defeated Warren County 63-0, Brentsville 35-12 and Skyline 35-14.
State semifinals: Lake Taylor defeated Magna Vista 27-21; Kettle Run defeated Liberty Christian 29-28.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Lake Taylor 45-27; Kettle Run 22-11.
Playoff history: Lake Taylor owns state titles in 2012 (Class 5), and 2014 and 2019 (Class 4) with runner-up finishes in 2015, 2018 and 2021 (spring). The Titans’ last state final was a 28-20 home loss to Salem. Kettle Run reached a region final in its fourth year as a school in 2011. Kettle Run lost to Dinwiddie 65-20 in the Class 4 state final in 2022 and fell to Liberty Christian 42-6 in the Class 3 final in 2024.
Quick kicks: Lake Taylor has an 8-0 all-time record in state semifinals. Kettle Run’s Christian is a first-year head coach following the departure of Charlie Porterfield after nine seasons. Both teams won semifinals in thrilling fashion. Lake Taylor quarterback Kevin Adams hit Magerald Clark on a 27-yard TD pass to break a tie as time ran out against Magna Vista, while Kettle Run overcame a 28-9 deficit to eliminate two-time defending champion Liberty Christian.
STRASBURG (12-1) vs. GLENVAR (14-0)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Strasburg (Shenandoah County); Glenvar (Roanoke County)
School nicknames: Strasburg (Rams); Glenvar (Highlanders)
Coaches: Strasburg (Tripp Lamb); Glenvar (Kevin Clifford)
How they got here: Strasburg received a first-round bye and defeated Central-Woodstock 35-6 and Stuarts Draft 54-7. Glenvar was seeded No. 1 in Region 2C. The Highlanders defeated Nelson County 50-0, Radford 27-3 and Gretna 41-6.
State semifinals: Strasburg defeated Poquoson 31-10; Glenvar defeated Union 21-20.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Strasburg 38-31; Glenvar 27-16
Playoff history: Strasburg has lost all five of its state finals: to Parry McCluer (1987), Jonesville (1988), Appalachia (1992) and Bath County (1995) in Division 1; and to Graham 31-8 in Class 2 in 2024. Glenvar won the 2014 Division 2 championship with a 21-20 overtime victory over Wilson Memorial under Clifford in the school’s only previous trip to a state final.
Quick kicks: Strasburg has won 10 games in a row since a 28-20 loss to Class 3 Broadway. The Rams have rushed for 4,725 yards in 13 games including 1,863 yards and 25 TDs by Region 2B offensive player of the year Quincy Williams. Lamb is a graduate of Staunton River High School who has guided Strasburg to state finals in both his seasons as head coach. Glenvar senior quarterback Brody Dawyot, who as returned to the lineup after suffering a shoulder injury in early November, owns the VHSL record for the most career touchdown passes with 135. Dawyot, a UNC Charlotte signee, has passed for 2,557 yards and 37 TDs with just four interceptions this season.
See also: “2 unlikely brothers have led Glenvar to the doorstep of a state championship.”
RAPPAHANNOCK (12-2) vs. RYE COVE (11-3)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Rappahannock (Warsaw); Rye Cove (Clinchport)
Nicknames: Rappahannock (Raiders); Rye Cove (Eagles)
Coaches: Rappahannock (William West); Rye Cove (Gary Collier)
How they got here: Rappahannock was seeded No. 3 in Region 1A. The Raiders received a forfeit from West Point and defeated Northampton 55-18 and Essex 19-16. Rye Cove was seeded No. 3 in Region 1D. The Eagles defeated Holston 61-14, Chilhowie 21-13 and Eastside 32-12.
State semifinals: Rappahannock defeated Buffalo Gap 38-32; Rye Cove defeated Grayson County 7-6.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Rappahannock 14-24; Rye Cove 14-17.
Playoff history: Rappahannock reached state semifinals in 1988 and 1992.
Quick kicks: Rappahannock’s Kenneth Madison rushed for 372 yards in a Region 1A semifinal victory over Northumberland and is averaging 13.5 yards per carry this season. Rye Cove’s victory over Grayson County was its first in a state semifinal, having lost to Grayson 40-34 in 2024 and to 42-18 to Bath County 42-18 in 2000. Both teams are seeking their first state championship.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
The post Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. appeared first on Cardinal News.
Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. [Cardinal News] (04:35 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

New to Cardinal News? Sign up for one of our free newsletters to keep up-to-date:
Six Virginia High School League football championships will be decided Saturday in games in Harrisonburg, Lynchburg and Salem. Here’s a preview of each:
OSCAR SMITH (12-1) vs. NORTH STAFFORD (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Oscar Smith (Chesapeake); North Stafford (Stafford)
Nicknames: Oscar Smith (Tigers); North Stafford (Wolverines)
Coaches: Oscar Smith (Chris Scott); North Stafford (Marquez Hall)
How they got here: Oscar Smith was seeded No. 1 in Region 6A. The Tigers received a first-round bye and defeated L.C. Bird 50-0 and Thomas Dale 48-7. North Stafford was seeded No. 3 in Region 6B. The Wolverines defeated Independence 52-14, No. 2 Battlefield 21-6 and Woodbridge 49-33.
State semifinals: Oscar Smith defeated James Madison 34-28; North Stafford defeated West Springfield 19-7.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Oscar Smith 67-17; North Stafford 27-18.
Playoff history: Oscar Smith owns five Class 6 state titles (2024, 2021, 2020, 2011, 2008) and the Tigers had five state runner-up finishes from 2013-2019. North Stafford placed second in Class 5 in 2004 and reached Class 5 state semifinals in 2015 and 2018.
Quick kicks: Oscar Smith High opened in 1954 after the closure of old South Norfolk High. The Tigers had four head coaches in a five-year period from 2015-19. North Stafford opened in 1981. Las Vegas Raiders receivers coach Chris Beatty was the head coach at North Stafford for three seasons from 1998-2000. Smith wide receiver Travis Johnson has signed with Michigan. North Stafford safety Kenaz Sullivan holds a number of Class of 27 offers including Ohio State, Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.
MAURY (13-1) vs. HIGHLAND SPRINGS (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Maury (Norfolk); Highland Springs (Henrico County)
Nicknames: Maury (Commodores); Highland Springs (Springers)
Coaches: Maury (Dyrri McCain); Highland Springs (Loren Johnson)
How they got here: Maury was seeded No. 2 in Region 5B. The Commodores defeated Woodside 64-6, Warwick 42-10 and No. 1 seed King’s Fork 49-6. Highland Springs was seeded No. 2 in Region 5C. The Springers defeated Glen Allen 28-9, William Fleming 37-7 and Hermitage 21-13.
State semifinals: Maury defeated Stone Bridge 48-27; Highland Springs defeated Indian River 35-8.
Series history: Highland Springs leads 4-2
Last meeting: Maury won 38-7 in 2024 regular season.
Playoff won-lost records: Maury 34-19; Highland Springs 62-35.
Playoff history: Maury was the Group AAA runner-up in 1972, long before beginning a run of six Class 5 finals appearances from 2019-24 with championships in ’19, ’23 and ’24 capped by a 46-0 win over Briar Woods. Highland Springs has played in eight state finals, winning Class 5 titles in 2015, ’16, ’17, ’18 and ’22. The Springers were the Class 6 runner-up in 2023 and Group AAA runner-up in 1978.
Quick kicks: Maury will be without linebacker Ike Simmons, a Pittsburgh signee, following an injury in the Region 5B final. Highland Springs coach Johnson was a defensive back at Virginia Tech from 1995-98. He has coached the Springers to 42 of their 62 career postseason victories. This is the only one of the six VHSL finals in which the opponents have played each other previously. Highland Springs defeated Maury 33-19 in the 2022 Class 5 final to complete a 15-0 season.
VARINA (12-2) vs. LOUDOUN COUNTY (12-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Varina (Chesterfield County); Loudoun County (Leesburg)
Nicknames: Varina (Blue Devils); Loudoun County (Captains).
Coaches: Varina (Marcus Lewis); Loudoun County (Matt Reiedenbaugh)
How they got here: Varina was seeded No. 4 in Region 4B. The Blue Devils defeated Courtland 47-6, No. 1 Dinwiddie 34-0 and Huguenot 21-12. Loudoun County was seeded No. 1 in Region 4B. The Captains received a first-round bye and defeated Heritage-Leesburg 14-13 and Loudoun Valley 28-14.
State semifinals: Varina defeated Jefferson Forest 49-21; Loudoun County defeated Lafayette 25-23.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Varina 42-27; Loudoun County 15-19.
Playoff history: Varina won the 2021 Class 4 title 28-21 over Broad Run. Varina was the Class 6 runner-up in 1998 and 1999, and lost 23-6 to Phoebus in the 2024 Class 4 final. Loudoun County made a Class 4 state semifinal in 2022 and region finals in 1985 and 2012.
Quick kicks: Varina’s lone losses are to Class 5 semifinalist Maury (14-13) and North Carolina Class 7 semifinalist Greensboro Grimsley (21-14). Varina boasts a pair of UVa signees: lineman JaySean Richardson and athlete DaMari Carter, along with West Virginia signee SirPaul Cheeks, a running back. Loudoun County’s offensive line is powered by Clemson recruit Carter Scruggs and Catoctin District offensive player of the year Montez Dyson. Loudoun County also lost out of state, 35-34 to Jefferson (W.Va.).
LAKE TAYLOR (12-2) vs. KETTLE RUN (13-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Lake Taylor (Norfolk); Kettle Run (Nokesville)
Nicknames: Lake Taylor (Titans); Kettle Run (Cougars).
Coaches: Lake Taylor (Hank Sawyer); Kettle Run (Delmar Christian)
How they got here: Lake Taylor was seeded No. 2 in Region 3A. The Titans defeated Colonial Heights 49-6, I.C. Norcom 20-7 and Petersburg 40-26; Kettle Run was seeded No. 1 in Region 3B. The Cougars defeated Warren County 63-0, Brentsville 35-12 and Skyline 35-14.
State semifinals: Lake Taylor defeated Magna Vista 27-21; Kettle Run defeated Liberty Christian 29-28.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Lake Taylor 45-27; Kettle Run 22-11.
Playoff history: Lake Taylor owns state titles in 2012 (Class 5), and 2014 and 2019 (Class 4) with runner-up finishes in 2015, 2018 and 2021 (spring). The Titans’ last state final was a 28-20 home loss to Salem. Kettle Run reached a region final in its fourth year as a school in 2011. Kettle Run lost to Dinwiddie 65-20 in the Class 4 state final in 2022 and fell to Liberty Christian 42-6 in the Class 3 final in 2024.
Quick kicks: Lake Taylor has an 8-0 all-time record in state semifinals. Kettle Run’s Christian is a first-year head coach following the departure of Charlie Porterfield after nine seasons. Both teams won semifinals in thrilling fashion. Lake Taylor quarterback Kevin Adams hit Magerald Clark on a 27-yard TD pass to break a tie as time ran out against Magna Vista, while Kettle Run overcame a 28-9 deficit to eliminate two-time defending champion Liberty Christian.
STRASBURG (12-1) vs. GLENVAR (14-0)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Strasburg (Shenandoah County); Glenvar (Roanoke County)
School nicknames: Strasburg (Rams); Glenvar (Highlanders)
Coaches: Strasburg (Tripp Lamb); Glenvar (Kevin Clifford)
How they got here: Strasburg received a first-round bye and defeated Central-Woodstock 35-6 and Stuarts Draft 54-7. Glenvar was seeded No. 1 in Region 2C. The Highlanders defeated Nelson County 50-0, Radford 27-3 and Gretna 41-6.
State semifinals: Strasburg defeated Poquoson 31-10; Glenvar defeated Union 21-20.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Strasburg 38-31; Glenvar 27-16
Playoff history: Strasburg has lost all five of its state finals: to Parry McCluer (1987), Jonesville (1988), Appalachia (1992) and Bath County (1995) in Division 1; and to Graham 31-8 in Class 2 in 2024. Glenvar won the 2014 Division 2 championship with a 21-20 overtime victory over Wilson Memorial under Clifford in the school’s only previous trip to a state final.
Quick kicks: Strasburg has won 10 games in a row since a 28-20 loss to Class 3 Broadway. The Rams have rushed for 4,725 yards in 13 games including 1,863 yards and 25 TDs by Region 2B offensive player of the year Quincy Williams. Lamb is a graduate of Staunton River High School who has guided Strasburg to state finals in both his seasons as head coach. Glenvar senior quarterback Brody Dawyot, who as returned to the lineup after suffering a shoulder injury in early November, owns the VHSL record for the most career touchdown passes with 135. Dawyot, a UNC Charlotte signee, has passed for 2,557 yards and 37 TDs with just four interceptions this season.
See also: “2 unlikely brothers have led Glenvar to the doorstep of a state championship.”
RAPPAHANNOCK (12-2) vs. RYE COVE (11-3)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Rappahannock (Warsaw); Rye Cove (Clinchport)
Nicknames: Rappahannock (Raiders); Rye Cove (Eagles)
Coaches: Rappahannock (William West); Rye Cove (Gary Collier)
How they got here: Rappahannock was seeded No. 3 in Region 1A. The Raiders received a forfeit from West Point and defeated Northampton 55-18 and Essex 19-16. Rye Cove was seeded No. 3 in Region 1D. The Eagles defeated Holston 61-14, Chilhowie 21-13 and Eastside 32-12.
State semifinals: Rappahannock defeated Buffalo Gap 38-32; Rye Cove defeated Grayson County 7-6.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Rappahannock 14-24; Rye Cove 14-17.
Playoff history: Rappahannock reached state semifinals in 1988 and 1992.
Quick kicks: Rappahannock’s Kenneth Madison rushed for 372 yards in a Region 1A semifinal victory over Northumberland and is averaging 13.5 yards per carry this season. Rye Cove’s victory over Grayson County was its first in a state semifinal, having lost to Grayson 40-34 in 2024 and to 42-18 to Bath County 42-18 in 2000. Both teams are seeking their first state championship.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
The post Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. appeared first on Cardinal News.
Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. [Cardinal News] (04:35 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

New to Cardinal News? Sign up for one of our free newsletters to keep up-to-date:
Six Virginia High School League football championships will be decided Saturday in games in Harrisonburg, Lynchburg and Salem. Here’s a preview of each:
OSCAR SMITH (12-1) vs. NORTH STAFFORD (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Oscar Smith (Chesapeake); North Stafford (Stafford)
Nicknames: Oscar Smith (Tigers); North Stafford (Wolverines)
Coaches: Oscar Smith (Chris Scott); North Stafford (Marquez Hall)
How they got here: Oscar Smith was seeded No. 1 in Region 6A. The Tigers received a first-round bye and defeated L.C. Bird 50-0 and Thomas Dale 48-7. North Stafford was seeded No. 3 in Region 6B. The Wolverines defeated Independence 52-14, No. 2 Battlefield 21-6 and Woodbridge 49-33.
State semifinals: Oscar Smith defeated James Madison 34-28; North Stafford defeated West Springfield 19-7.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Oscar Smith 67-17; North Stafford 27-18.
Playoff history: Oscar Smith owns five Class 6 state titles (2024, 2021, 2020, 2011, 2008) and the Tigers had five state runner-up finishes from 2013-2019. North Stafford placed second in Class 5 in 2004 and reached Class 5 state semifinals in 2015 and 2018.
Quick kicks: Oscar Smith High opened in 1954 after the closure of old South Norfolk High. The Tigers had four head coaches in a five-year period from 2015-19. North Stafford opened in 1981. Las Vegas Raiders receivers coach Chris Beatty was the head coach at North Stafford for three seasons from 1998-2000. Smith wide receiver Travis Johnson has signed with Michigan. North Stafford safety Kenaz Sullivan holds a number of Class of 27 offers including Ohio State, Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.
MAURY (13-1) vs. HIGHLAND SPRINGS (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Maury (Norfolk); Highland Springs (Henrico County)
Nicknames: Maury (Commodores); Highland Springs (Springers)
Coaches: Maury (Dyrri McCain); Highland Springs (Loren Johnson)
How they got here: Maury was seeded No. 2 in Region 5B. The Commodores defeated Woodside 64-6, Warwick 42-10 and No. 1 seed King’s Fork 49-6. Highland Springs was seeded No. 2 in Region 5C. The Springers defeated Glen Allen 28-9, William Fleming 37-7 and Hermitage 21-13.
State semifinals: Maury defeated Stone Bridge 48-27; Highland Springs defeated Indian River 35-8.
Series history: Highland Springs leads 4-2
Last meeting: Maury won 38-7 in 2024 regular season.
Playoff won-lost records: Maury 34-19; Highland Springs 62-35.
Playoff history: Maury was the Group AAA runner-up in 1972, long before beginning a run of six Class 5 finals appearances from 2019-24 with championships in ’19, ’23 and ’24 capped by a 46-0 win over Briar Woods. Highland Springs has played in eight state finals, winning Class 5 titles in 2015, ’16, ’17, ’18 and ’22. The Springers were the Class 6 runner-up in 2023 and Group AAA runner-up in 1978.
Quick kicks: Maury will be without linebacker Ike Simmons, a Pittsburgh signee, following an injury in the Region 5B final. Highland Springs coach Johnson was a defensive back at Virginia Tech from 1995-98. He has coached the Springers to 42 of their 62 career postseason victories. This is the only one of the six VHSL finals in which the opponents have played each other previously. Highland Springs defeated Maury 33-19 in the 2022 Class 5 final to complete a 15-0 season.
VARINA (12-2) vs. LOUDOUN COUNTY (12-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Varina (Chesterfield County); Loudoun County (Leesburg)
Nicknames: Varina (Blue Devils); Loudoun County (Captains).
Coaches: Varina (Marcus Lewis); Loudoun County (Matt Reiedenbaugh)
How they got here: Varina was seeded No. 4 in Region 4B. The Blue Devils defeated Courtland 47-6, No. 1 Dinwiddie 34-0 and Huguenot 21-12. Loudoun County was seeded No. 1 in Region 4B. The Captains received a first-round bye and defeated Heritage-Leesburg 14-13 and Loudoun Valley 28-14.
State semifinals: Varina defeated Jefferson Forest 49-21; Loudoun County defeated Lafayette 25-23.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Varina 42-27; Loudoun County 15-19.
Playoff history: Varina won the 2021 Class 4 title 28-21 over Broad Run. Varina was the Class 6 runner-up in 1998 and 1999, and lost 23-6 to Phoebus in the 2024 Class 4 final. Loudoun County made a Class 4 state semifinal in 2022 and region finals in 1985 and 2012.
Quick kicks: Varina’s lone losses are to Class 5 semifinalist Maury (14-13) and North Carolina Class 7 semifinalist Greensboro Grimsley (21-14). Varina boasts a pair of UVa signees: lineman JaySean Richardson and athlete DaMari Carter, along with West Virginia signee SirPaul Cheeks, a running back. Loudoun County’s offensive line is powered by Clemson recruit Carter Scruggs and Catoctin District offensive player of the year Montez Dyson. Loudoun County also lost out of state, 35-34 to Jefferson (W.Va.).
LAKE TAYLOR (12-2) vs. KETTLE RUN (13-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Lake Taylor (Norfolk); Kettle Run (Nokesville)
Nicknames: Lake Taylor (Titans); Kettle Run (Cougars).
Coaches: Lake Taylor (Hank Sawyer); Kettle Run (Delmar Christian)
How they got here: Lake Taylor was seeded No. 2 in Region 3A. The Titans defeated Colonial Heights 49-6, I.C. Norcom 20-7 and Petersburg 40-26; Kettle Run was seeded No. 1 in Region 3B. The Cougars defeated Warren County 63-0, Brentsville 35-12 and Skyline 35-14.
State semifinals: Lake Taylor defeated Magna Vista 27-21; Kettle Run defeated Liberty Christian 29-28.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Lake Taylor 45-27; Kettle Run 22-11.
Playoff history: Lake Taylor owns state titles in 2012 (Class 5), and 2014 and 2019 (Class 4) with runner-up finishes in 2015, 2018 and 2021 (spring). The Titans’ last state final was a 28-20 home loss to Salem. Kettle Run reached a region final in its fourth year as a school in 2011. Kettle Run lost to Dinwiddie 65-20 in the Class 4 state final in 2022 and fell to Liberty Christian 42-6 in the Class 3 final in 2024.
Quick kicks: Lake Taylor has an 8-0 all-time record in state semifinals. Kettle Run’s Christian is a first-year head coach following the departure of Charlie Porterfield after nine seasons. Both teams won semifinals in thrilling fashion. Lake Taylor quarterback Kevin Adams hit Magerald Clark on a 27-yard TD pass to break a tie as time ran out against Magna Vista, while Kettle Run overcame a 28-9 deficit to eliminate two-time defending champion Liberty Christian.
STRASBURG (12-1) vs. GLENVAR (14-0)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Strasburg (Shenandoah County); Glenvar (Roanoke County)
School nicknames: Strasburg (Rams); Glenvar (Highlanders)
Coaches: Strasburg (Tripp Lamb); Glenvar (Kevin Clifford)
How they got here: Strasburg received a first-round bye and defeated Central-Woodstock 35-6 and Stuarts Draft 54-7. Glenvar was seeded No. 1 in Region 2C. The Highlanders defeated Nelson County 50-0, Radford 27-3 and Gretna 41-6.
State semifinals: Strasburg defeated Poquoson 31-10; Glenvar defeated Union 21-20.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Strasburg 38-31; Glenvar 27-16
Playoff history: Strasburg has lost all five of its state finals: to Parry McCluer (1987), Jonesville (1988), Appalachia (1992) and Bath County (1995) in Division 1; and to Graham 31-8 in Class 2 in 2024. Glenvar won the 2014 Division 2 championship with a 21-20 overtime victory over Wilson Memorial under Clifford in the school’s only previous trip to a state final.
Quick kicks: Strasburg has won 10 games in a row since a 28-20 loss to Class 3 Broadway. The Rams have rushed for 4,725 yards in 13 games including 1,863 yards and 25 TDs by Region 2B offensive player of the year Quincy Williams. Lamb is a graduate of Staunton River High School who has guided Strasburg to state finals in both his seasons as head coach. Glenvar senior quarterback Brody Dawyot, who as returned to the lineup after suffering a shoulder injury in early November, owns the VHSL record for the most career touchdown passes with 135. Dawyot, a UNC Charlotte signee, has passed for 2,557 yards and 37 TDs with just four interceptions this season.
See also: “2 unlikely brothers have led Glenvar to the doorstep of a state championship.”
RAPPAHANNOCK (12-2) vs. RYE COVE (11-3)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Rappahannock (Warsaw); Rye Cove (Clinchport)
Nicknames: Rappahannock (Raiders); Rye Cove (Eagles)
Coaches: Rappahannock (William West); Rye Cove (Gary Collier)
How they got here: Rappahannock was seeded No. 3 in Region 1A. The Raiders received a forfeit from West Point and defeated Northampton 55-18 and Essex 19-16. Rye Cove was seeded No. 3 in Region 1D. The Eagles defeated Holston 61-14, Chilhowie 21-13 and Eastside 32-12.
State semifinals: Rappahannock defeated Buffalo Gap 38-32; Rye Cove defeated Grayson County 7-6.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Rappahannock 14-24; Rye Cove 14-17.
Playoff history: Rappahannock reached state semifinals in 1988 and 1992.
Quick kicks: Rappahannock’s Kenneth Madison rushed for 372 yards in a Region 1A semifinal victory over Northumberland and is averaging 13.5 yards per carry this season. Rye Cove’s victory over Grayson County was its first in a state semifinal, having lost to Grayson 40-34 in 2024 and to 42-18 to Bath County 42-18 in 2000. Both teams are seeking their first state championship.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
The post Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. appeared first on Cardinal News.
Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. [Cardinal News] (04:35 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

New to Cardinal News? Sign up for one of our free newsletters to keep up-to-date:
Six Virginia High School League football championships will be decided Saturday in games in Harrisonburg, Lynchburg and Salem. Here’s a preview of each:
OSCAR SMITH (12-1) vs. NORTH STAFFORD (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Oscar Smith (Chesapeake); North Stafford (Stafford)
Nicknames: Oscar Smith (Tigers); North Stafford (Wolverines)
Coaches: Oscar Smith (Chris Scott); North Stafford (Marquez Hall)
How they got here: Oscar Smith was seeded No. 1 in Region 6A. The Tigers received a first-round bye and defeated L.C. Bird 50-0 and Thomas Dale 48-7. North Stafford was seeded No. 3 in Region 6B. The Wolverines defeated Independence 52-14, No. 2 Battlefield 21-6 and Woodbridge 49-33.
State semifinals: Oscar Smith defeated James Madison 34-28; North Stafford defeated West Springfield 19-7.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Oscar Smith 67-17; North Stafford 27-18.
Playoff history: Oscar Smith owns five Class 6 state titles (2024, 2021, 2020, 2011, 2008) and the Tigers had five state runner-up finishes from 2013-2019. North Stafford placed second in Class 5 in 2004 and reached Class 5 state semifinals in 2015 and 2018.
Quick kicks: Oscar Smith High opened in 1954 after the closure of old South Norfolk High. The Tigers had four head coaches in a five-year period from 2015-19. North Stafford opened in 1981. Las Vegas Raiders receivers coach Chris Beatty was the head coach at North Stafford for three seasons from 1998-2000. Smith wide receiver Travis Johnson has signed with Michigan. North Stafford safety Kenaz Sullivan holds a number of Class of 27 offers including Ohio State, Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.
MAURY (13-1) vs. HIGHLAND SPRINGS (11-3)
At James Madison University, Harrisonburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Maury (Norfolk); Highland Springs (Henrico County)
Nicknames: Maury (Commodores); Highland Springs (Springers)
Coaches: Maury (Dyrri McCain); Highland Springs (Loren Johnson)
How they got here: Maury was seeded No. 2 in Region 5B. The Commodores defeated Woodside 64-6, Warwick 42-10 and No. 1 seed King’s Fork 49-6. Highland Springs was seeded No. 2 in Region 5C. The Springers defeated Glen Allen 28-9, William Fleming 37-7 and Hermitage 21-13.
State semifinals: Maury defeated Stone Bridge 48-27; Highland Springs defeated Indian River 35-8.
Series history: Highland Springs leads 4-2
Last meeting: Maury won 38-7 in 2024 regular season.
Playoff won-lost records: Maury 34-19; Highland Springs 62-35.
Playoff history: Maury was the Group AAA runner-up in 1972, long before beginning a run of six Class 5 finals appearances from 2019-24 with championships in ’19, ’23 and ’24 capped by a 46-0 win over Briar Woods. Highland Springs has played in eight state finals, winning Class 5 titles in 2015, ’16, ’17, ’18 and ’22. The Springers were the Class 6 runner-up in 2023 and Group AAA runner-up in 1978.
Quick kicks: Maury will be without linebacker Ike Simmons, a Pittsburgh signee, following an injury in the Region 5B final. Highland Springs coach Johnson was a defensive back at Virginia Tech from 1995-98. He has coached the Springers to 42 of their 62 career postseason victories. This is the only one of the six VHSL finals in which the opponents have played each other previously. Highland Springs defeated Maury 33-19 in the 2022 Class 5 final to complete a 15-0 season.
VARINA (12-2) vs. LOUDOUN COUNTY (12-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Varina (Chesterfield County); Loudoun County (Leesburg)
Nicknames: Varina (Blue Devils); Loudoun County (Captains).
Coaches: Varina (Marcus Lewis); Loudoun County (Matt Reiedenbaugh)
How they got here: Varina was seeded No. 4 in Region 4B. The Blue Devils defeated Courtland 47-6, No. 1 Dinwiddie 34-0 and Huguenot 21-12. Loudoun County was seeded No. 1 in Region 4B. The Captains received a first-round bye and defeated Heritage-Leesburg 14-13 and Loudoun Valley 28-14.
State semifinals: Varina defeated Jefferson Forest 49-21; Loudoun County defeated Lafayette 25-23.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Varina 42-27; Loudoun County 15-19.
Playoff history: Varina won the 2021 Class 4 title 28-21 over Broad Run. Varina was the Class 6 runner-up in 1998 and 1999, and lost 23-6 to Phoebus in the 2024 Class 4 final. Loudoun County made a Class 4 state semifinal in 2022 and region finals in 1985 and 2012.
Quick kicks: Varina’s lone losses are to Class 5 semifinalist Maury (14-13) and North Carolina Class 7 semifinalist Greensboro Grimsley (21-14). Varina boasts a pair of UVa signees: lineman JaySean Richardson and athlete DaMari Carter, along with West Virginia signee SirPaul Cheeks, a running back. Loudoun County’s offensive line is powered by Clemson recruit Carter Scruggs and Catoctin District offensive player of the year Montez Dyson. Loudoun County also lost out of state, 35-34 to Jefferson (W.Va.).
LAKE TAYLOR (12-2) vs. KETTLE RUN (13-1)
At Liberty University, Lynchburg
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Lake Taylor (Norfolk); Kettle Run (Nokesville)
Nicknames: Lake Taylor (Titans); Kettle Run (Cougars).
Coaches: Lake Taylor (Hank Sawyer); Kettle Run (Delmar Christian)
How they got here: Lake Taylor was seeded No. 2 in Region 3A. The Titans defeated Colonial Heights 49-6, I.C. Norcom 20-7 and Petersburg 40-26; Kettle Run was seeded No. 1 in Region 3B. The Cougars defeated Warren County 63-0, Brentsville 35-12 and Skyline 35-14.
State semifinals: Lake Taylor defeated Magna Vista 27-21; Kettle Run defeated Liberty Christian 29-28.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Lake Taylor 45-27; Kettle Run 22-11.
Playoff history: Lake Taylor owns state titles in 2012 (Class 5), and 2014 and 2019 (Class 4) with runner-up finishes in 2015, 2018 and 2021 (spring). The Titans’ last state final was a 28-20 home loss to Salem. Kettle Run reached a region final in its fourth year as a school in 2011. Kettle Run lost to Dinwiddie 65-20 in the Class 4 state final in 2022 and fell to Liberty Christian 42-6 in the Class 3 final in 2024.
Quick kicks: Lake Taylor has an 8-0 all-time record in state semifinals. Kettle Run’s Christian is a first-year head coach following the departure of Charlie Porterfield after nine seasons. Both teams won semifinals in thrilling fashion. Lake Taylor quarterback Kevin Adams hit Magerald Clark on a 27-yard TD pass to break a tie as time ran out against Magna Vista, while Kettle Run overcame a 28-9 deficit to eliminate two-time defending champion Liberty Christian.
STRASBURG (12-1) vs. GLENVAR (14-0)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 11:30 a.m.
School locations: Strasburg (Shenandoah County); Glenvar (Roanoke County)
School nicknames: Strasburg (Rams); Glenvar (Highlanders)
Coaches: Strasburg (Tripp Lamb); Glenvar (Kevin Clifford)
How they got here: Strasburg received a first-round bye and defeated Central-Woodstock 35-6 and Stuarts Draft 54-7. Glenvar was seeded No. 1 in Region 2C. The Highlanders defeated Nelson County 50-0, Radford 27-3 and Gretna 41-6.
State semifinals: Strasburg defeated Poquoson 31-10; Glenvar defeated Union 21-20.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Strasburg 38-31; Glenvar 27-16
Playoff history: Strasburg has lost all five of its state finals: to Parry McCluer (1987), Jonesville (1988), Appalachia (1992) and Bath County (1995) in Division 1; and to Graham 31-8 in Class 2 in 2024. Glenvar won the 2014 Division 2 championship with a 21-20 overtime victory over Wilson Memorial under Clifford in the school’s only previous trip to a state final.
Quick kicks: Strasburg has won 10 games in a row since a 28-20 loss to Class 3 Broadway. The Rams have rushed for 4,725 yards in 13 games including 1,863 yards and 25 TDs by Region 2B offensive player of the year Quincy Williams. Lamb is a graduate of Staunton River High School who has guided Strasburg to state finals in both his seasons as head coach. Glenvar senior quarterback Brody Dawyot, who as returned to the lineup after suffering a shoulder injury in early November, owns the VHSL record for the most career touchdown passes with 135. Dawyot, a UNC Charlotte signee, has passed for 2,557 yards and 37 TDs with just four interceptions this season.
See also: “2 unlikely brothers have led Glenvar to the doorstep of a state championship.”
RAPPAHANNOCK (12-2) vs. RYE COVE (11-3)
At Salem Stadium, Salem
Saturday, 5 p.m.
School locations: Rappahannock (Warsaw); Rye Cove (Clinchport)
Nicknames: Rappahannock (Raiders); Rye Cove (Eagles)
Coaches: Rappahannock (William West); Rye Cove (Gary Collier)
How they got here: Rappahannock was seeded No. 3 in Region 1A. The Raiders received a forfeit from West Point and defeated Northampton 55-18 and Essex 19-16. Rye Cove was seeded No. 3 in Region 1D. The Eagles defeated Holston 61-14, Chilhowie 21-13 and Eastside 32-12.
State semifinals: Rappahannock defeated Buffalo Gap 38-32; Rye Cove defeated Grayson County 7-6.
Series history: First meeting
Playoff won-lost records: Rappahannock 14-24; Rye Cove 14-17.
Playoff history: Rappahannock reached state semifinals in 1988 and 1992.
Quick kicks: Rappahannock’s Kenneth Madison rushed for 372 yards in a Region 1A semifinal victory over Northumberland and is averaging 13.5 yards per carry this season. Rye Cove’s victory over Grayson County was its first in a state semifinal, having lost to Grayson 40-34 in 2024 and to 42-18 to Bath County 42-18 in 2000. Both teams are seeking their first state championship.
See also: “Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship.”
The post Six VHSL football championships will be decided Saturday. Here’s who’s playing. appeared first on Cardinal News.
Trump Pretends To Block State AI Laws; Media Pretends That’s Legal [Techdirt] (03:59 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
The mainstream media just failed a basic civics test so badly that you’d think their brains have been pickled by the kinds of folks who spend all their time on X (oh, wait…). Headlines across major outlets are breathlessly reporting that Donald Trump “blocked states from passing AI laws” with an executive order. Except, that’s not how any of this works, and anyone who stayed awake during middle school social studies should know better.
Look at this:


That’s the New York Times, CNN, CNBC, NBC, and the Guardian all confidently telling their readers that Trump can magically override state sovereignty with a memo. These aren’t fringe blogs—these are supposedly serious news organizations with actual editors who apparently skipped the day they taught how the federal government works. They have failed the most simple journalistic test of “don’t print lies in the newspaper.”
Executive orders aren’t laws. They’re memos. Fancy, official memos that tell federal employees how to do their jobs, but memos nonetheless. You want to change what states can and can’t do? You need this little thing called “Congress” to pass this other little thing called “legislation.” Trump can’t just declare state laws invalid any more than he can declare himself emperor of Mars.
Even the text of the actual executive order admits all this:
My Administration must act with the Congress to ensure that there is a minimally burdensome national standard — not 50 discordant State ones. The resulting framework must forbid State laws that conflict with the policy set forth in this order. That framework should also ensure that children are protected, censorship is prevented, copyrights are respected, and communities are safeguarded. A carefully crafted national framework can ensure that the United States wins the AI race, as we must.
Right there in black and white: “must act with the Congress.” Apparently, someone in the White House briefly remembered how government works, even if the president and the entire mainstream media have forgotten.
And look, I actually do mostly agree that we’d be much better off with a single federal solution here, rather than a bunch of piecemeal (and perhaps conflicting) rules from every state. But, that’s why you actually have to work with Congress, and if there’s anything this Congress has shown over the past 11 months, it’s that it is inherently unable to do anything particularly competently.
Only a few news orgs managed to call out the problems with this executive order. Barron’s rightly noted that there would be “court battles” over the law:

NPR, however, came out and pointed out that this overall executive order probably isn’t legal:

NPR’s right. The order contradicts itself so blatantly it’s almost impressive. First paragraph: “we need Congress.” Rest of the document: “never mind, we’ll just do whatever we want.”
Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Attorney General shall establish an AI Litigation Task Force (Task Force) whose sole responsibility shall be to challenge State AI laws inconsistent with the policy set forth in section 2 of this order, including on grounds that such laws unconstitutionally regulate interstate commerce, are preempted by existing Federal regulations, or are otherwise unlawful in the Attorney General’s judgment, including, if appropriate, those laws identified pursuant to section 4 of this order.
You can’t just say that because a law goes against the intent of this executive order that the DOJ can challenge it. That’s not how that works. At all.
But here’s where this gets kinda funny (in a stupid way): that “interstate commerce” language could backfire spectacularly. Almost all state laws trying to regulate the internet—from child safety laws to age verification to the various attempts at content moderation laws—might run afoul of the dormant commerce clause by attempting to regulate interstate commerce if what the admin here claims is true (it’s not really true, but if the Supreme Court buys it…). Courts had been hesitant to use this nuclear option because it would essentially wipe out the entire patchwork of state internet regulation that’s been building for years, and a few decades of work in other areas that hasn’t really been challenged. Also, because they’ve mostly been able to invalidate those laws using the simple and straightforward First Amendment.
If Trump’s DOJ starts aggressively pursuing dormant commerce clause challenges to keep his Silicon Valley donors happy, they might accidentally create precedent that invalidates every state’s attempts to regulate social media, require age verification, or mandate content filtering. Every red state law targeting “Big Tech censorship,” every blue state law pretending to protect kids online—all of it could get swept away by Trump’s own legal strategy.
Wouldn’t that be something? In some ways, it would be hilarious, since I think almost all of these state laws are awful and a mess and waste everyone’s time… but it would certainly put a dent in a ton of efforts by Republicans and Democrats alike. All to keep the AI bros happy.
There’s also some extortion in here:
Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce, through the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, shall issue a Policy Notice specifying the conditions under which States may be eligible for remaining funding under the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) Program that was saved through my Administration’s “Benefit of the Bargain” reforms, consistent with 47 U.S.C. 1702(e)-(f). That Policy Notice must provide that States with onerous AI laws identified pursuant to section 4 of this order are ineligible for non-deployment funds, to the maximum extent allowed by Federal law. The Policy Notice must also describe how a fragmented State regulatory landscape for AI threatens to undermine BEAD-funded deployments, the growth of AI applications reliant on high-speed networks, and BEAD’s mission of delivering universal, high-speed connectivity.
We’ve talked about BEAD a lot here. That’s the Biden-era program that poured billions of dollars into broadband investment, which took way too long because Trump’s first FCC had fucked up the allocation process of earlier broadband grants. The Biden admin didn’t want a repeat of that, and thus tasked NTIA with figuring out a better allocation system, which took so long that Trump is back in office.
And rather than figure out the best way to allocate those funds, he’s holding them for ransom, and states that comply with his policy wishes might get it, and those that don’t won’t. It’s hellishly corrupt, but that’s what you get these days.
The other potentially interesting tidbit that is going to create a huge mess is Section 7:
Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission shall, in consultation with the Special Advisor for AI and Crypto, issue a policy statement on the application of the Federal Trade Commission Act’s prohibition on unfair and deceptive acts or practices under 15 U.S.C. 45 to AI models. That policy statement must explain the circumstances under which State laws that require alterations to the truthful outputs of AI models are preempted by the Federal Trade Commission Act’s prohibition on engaging in deceptive acts or practices affecting commerce.
This seems like an improper use of the FTC’s power to deal with unfair and deceptive practices, but the Trump administration abusing and twisting laws to get what it wants is kind of standard operating procedure these days.
The real story here isn’t that Trump signed some groundbreaking AI policy—it’s that the entire mainstream media apparatus completely failed to understand the most basic principles of American government. Executive orders aren’t magic spells that override federalism. They’re memos.
That said, the potential for this legal strategy to completely backfire is darkly amusing. If Trump’s DOJ successfully argues that state AI laws violate the dormant commerce clause, they’ll have handed every future administration—and every tech company—a nuclear weapon against state internet regulation. Every privacy law, every age verification requirement, every attempt by states to regulate online platforms could get vaporized by precedent that Trump’s own lawyers established.
It wouldn’t surprise me if one of the tech bro folks in and around the administration got that dropped into this executive order without much of the administration realizing it.
Rep. Green Again Pounds The Drum On Impeachment, And This Time A Majority Of Democrats March To The Beat [Techdirt] (01:58 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
This week Representative Al Green (Texas) filed another set of impeachment articles against Trump. They didn’t move forward; in fact, they failed an initial vote for Congress to decide to even think about moving them forward. But that impeachment didn’t move forward this time is not the story, because even though it didn’t, pursuing it was hardly for naught. It was, at minimum, an opportunity to get everyone on the record about whether they were in favor of pursuing impeachment against Trump. And the good news is that, importantly, and for the first time, a significant majority of Democrats went on record saying yes.
And at this stage that’s the result that matters. Because it’s a first step to build the momentum necessary so that someday all the Democrats, and even enough Republicans, will be able to get the impeachment effort over the finish line.
Of course, that day has not yet arrived. As it was there were 23 Democrats who still said no to impeachment. (Note: their “no” votes look like “yes” votes, but in this case “yes” meant “yes, let’s ignore these impeachment articles”). But it appears that number was originally going to be higher, suggesting that several “no” votes switched to “present” before the voting finished.
Voting “present,” as Democrat leadership declared it would, is, of course, a cowardly way of handling the question of whether impeachment should be pursued. After all, the oath every member of Congress took compels them to act to end Trump’s presidency as soon as possible. And the rationale that “leadership” cited for why they didn’t want to vote to move impeachment along was nonsense: no extensive investigations and hearings are necessary to chuck him out of office— Trump’s crimes are happening in plain sight. Impeachment can happen immediately, as soon as there are enough votes for it.
On the other hand, the fact that several “no” votes switched to “present” suggests Congress is starting to feel significant political pressure to finally get behind the impeachment effort. Also, voting “present” was a lot less destructive to the impeachment movement than a no vote would have been. So while the 47 “present voters” still chickened out on lending their support to the initiative, at least they didn’t try to sabotage it like so many Democrats had on an earlier occasion when Rep. Green had brought forth impeachment articles, when their “no” votes not only doomed the effort to fail but also kneecapped the overall impeachment movement, instead of letting it build momentum. Whereas this time the momentum survives. And with 140 Democrats now openly saying yes to the idea of impeaching Trump, it signals to those remaining hold-out Democrats, Republicans across the aisle, Senate colleagues, the public, and even Trump himself that comeuppance is at last coming.
And maybe even before the midterms, as exigency requires. Further impeachment articles therefore need to be brought forth again before too long, to keep pounding that drum until no one in Congress will be able to still to turn a deaf ear to the need to get Trump removal from office finally done.
But in the meantime there are two more sets of impeachment articles waiting in the wings, with Rep. Thanedar having drafted impeachment articles against Pete Hegseth and Rep. Stevens bringing them against RFK Jr.
There are so many members of the Trump Administration deserving of immediate ejection from their positions of trust. RFK Jr. and Hegseth aren’t even the only ones with body counts—Noem’s lawless goons and deportations have already caused deaths, as has Rubio’s unlawful closure of USAID, for instance—but RFK Jr. and Hegseth are a good place to start. RFK Jr. is responsible for the premature deaths of countless people due to his war on health science, and Hegseth for his war on everyone else. He’s not just destroyed the military readiness of our nation, leaked secrets to our adversaries, and squandered the nation’s military resources, human and otherwise, but he’s also doing murder and war crimes and making the rest of us accomplices to his atrocities.
With the impeachment articles against the two of them, Congress will now have a chance to clearly and boldly say, “Enough,” and start moving for their removal. And perhaps impeachment may even soon succeed, as RFK and Hegseth’s behavior has raised ire on both sides of the aisle. Impeaching either may not even be a political reach for Republicans, or at least trying to save them not worth the political capital. But even if Republican members of Congress continue to refuse to fulfill their own oversight responsibilities and support impeachment, by at least forcing the issue by filing these articles it forces everyone to make a public choice about whether or not they support removing them from office. Which means there can be a political price paid for that choice if any rep chooses wrong—as if the choice to fire someone like Hegseth or RFK Jr. is one that anyone is likely to regret.
But while their dismissal would be a good beginning to taking back our government from the incompetent monsters currently running it, and, on its own, help protect America from their further destruction, no impeachment of any Trump appointee itself solves the real problem, which is Trump himself. Everything he does endangers us, in such volume that it is simply not possible to address each threat one at a time. It is long past time to strike at the root of all the problems he and his cohorts have caused and evict him from the Oval Office. And while it will obviously take still more time to get there, it is good that Democrats have at last taken the first step.
Daily Deal: 3-in-1 Magnetic Wireless Charging Pad [Techdirt] (01:53 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
This 3-in-1 Magnetic Wireless Charging Pad integrates three charging modules for cell phones, headphones, and watches—a maximum power of 15W for cell phone charging, 5W for Airpods charging, and 2.5W for Apple Watch charging. This charging pad can be folded and used as a phone stand. It’s slim and compact, easy to put in your pocket or backpack, and perfect for office and travel. It’s on sale for $35.
Note: The Techdirt Deals Store is powered and curated by StackCommerce. A portion of all sales from Techdirt Deals helps support Techdirt. The products featured do not reflect endorsements by our editorial team.
India’s Government Rolls Back Invasive Cell Phone Tracking Mandate 48 Hours After Issuing It [Techdirt] (12:21 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
The government of India — especially under Prime Minister Narendra Modi — has never been shy about wanting to know what every one of its billion-plus citizens are up to at any given time.
Not only does the government apparently have access to pretty much every bit of internet traffic generated by its citizens, it has also taken steps to ensure those seeking to avoid this pervasive surveillance won’t be allowed to opt out via VPNs or other options that might make their web surfing a bit less visible.
Modi’s government has also made it clear it doesn’t like American companies that undercut its surveillance efforts by notifying residents that their smartphones may have been compromised by state actors.
Everything went a step further last week. The government of India ordered smartphone providers to preemptively compromise devices sold to the country’s citizens.
India’s government sent a notice to private companies last week giving them 90 days to ensure that a government app was “preinstalled on all mobile handsets manufactured or imported for use in India.”
The order said the requirement was meant “to identify and report acts that may endanger telecom cybersecurity.” On Tuesday, the government explained that the app, Sanchar Saathi, was intended to prevent crime, including the theft and smuggling of phones and the call-center fraud that wreaks havoc within India and abroad.
Yeah, that’s fucked up. The government reiterated — even as it slowly walked backwards — that this was just a thing that anyone who didn’t want to be surveilled could easily avoid.
By Tuesday afternoon, the government appeared to be backpedaling. Jyotiraditya Scindia, the minister of communications, said that while “this app exists to protect them from fraud and theft,” it was also “completely optional.”
“If you don’t wish to register, you shouldn’t register and can remove it at any time,” he told reporters outside the Parliament building.
That assertion doesn’t appear to be supported by the facts. According to analysts, the order contained wording that suggested phone providers were expected to ensure the functionality of the government-mandated spyware was “not disabled.”
Not that it matters much at the moment. Less than two days after becoming the subject of international headlines (apparently debuting first at Reuters), the Modi government is scrambling to make this all go away as quickly as possible:
India’s government revoked an order on Wednesday that had directed smartphone makers such as Apple and Samsung to install a state-developed and owned security app on all new devices. The move came after two days of criticism from opposition politicians and privacy organizations that the “Sanchar Saathi” app was an effort to snoop on citizens through their phones.
“Government has decided not to make the pre-installation mandatory for mobile manufacturers,” India’s Ministry of Communications said in a statement Wednesday afternoon.
That’s better. Much better. But it still leaves manufacturers with the option of pre-loading this snitchware app voluntarily, which might be an option some take to score a few points with what is presumably a “regime for life” government headed by a relatively charismatic autocrat.
And while the government is currently getting bashed for attempting to slide this past the populace, it continues to insist it’s the public that’s wrong about this:
While the order for it to be installed universally was revoked, the government continued defending the app on Wednesday, saying the intent had been to “provide access to cybersecurity to all citizens,” and insisting that it was “secure and purely meant to help citizens.”
While the app does allow users to make use of the tracking software to locate lost or stolen phones and/or defend against scammers using fraudulent numbers or online accounts, it was obvious from the secretive rollout that any benefits enjoyed by citizens were just the unavoidable byproduct of an app clearly meant to give the government expanding surveillance capabilities. It’s the sugar-coating on the poison pill. And all the government has to say in defense of its failed ratfuckery is that a rounding error (“2.6 million lost or stolen phones“) in a nation with 1.5 billion cell phones (that would be 0.17% of all phones) outweighs whatever evil it planned to do if it had been able to make this mandate stick.
How Nissan Crossing Has Changed Over Time [35mmc] (11:00 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
As a petrolhead, I always make a point of visiting Nissan Crossing whenever I’m in Tokyo, even if only for a few hours or half a day. Situated in Ginza, one of Tokyo’s most exclusive districts, Nissan Crossing is an open space in which the car manufacturer displays its concept cars and premium models. This photo...
The post How Nissan Crossing Has Changed Over Time appeared first on 35mmc.
Friday Debrief: New Genosack Bars, 26+ Beachcomber Colors, T1 Tac Jacket, and More… [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:12 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
This week’s Debrief features alt bars from Genosack, fresh 26+ Beachcomber colors, new Search and State T1 Tac Jackets, the LaRon éSPORT wool sweater, a couple of events happening this weekend, and much more. Find it all here…
The post Friday Debrief: New Genosack Bars, 26+ Beachcomber Colors, T1 Tac Jacket, and More… appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Friday Debrief: New Genosack Bars, 26+ Beachcomber Colors, T1 Tac Jacket, and More… [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:12 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
This week’s Debrief features alt bars from Genosack, fresh 26+ Beachcomber colors, new Search and State T1 Tac Jackets, the LaRon éSPORT wool sweater, a couple of events happening this weekend, and much more. Find it all here…
The post Friday Debrief: New Genosack Bars, 26+ Beachcomber Colors, T1 Tac Jacket, and More… appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Friday Debrief: New Genosack Bars, 26+ Beachcomber Colors, T1 Tac Jacket, and More… [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:12 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
This week’s Debrief features alt bars from Genosack, fresh 26+ Beachcomber colors, new Search and State T1 Tac Jackets, the LaRon éSPORT wool sweater, a couple of events happening this weekend, and much more. Find it all here…
The post Friday Debrief: New Genosack Bars, 26+ Beachcomber Colors, T1 Tac Jacket, and More… appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Reader’s Rig: Romeo’s Specialized Diverge [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:23 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
Our Reader's Rig of the week comes from Romeo in Iceland, who shares his loaded Specialized Diverge STR Expert and a little about his background as a BMX rider and circus performer. Meet Romeo, find some moody bike shots from Reykjavik, and check out his drop-bar rig here...
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Reader’s Rig: Romeo’s Specialized Diverge [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:23 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
Our Reader's Rig of the week comes from Romeo in Iceland, who shares his loaded Specialized Diverge STR Expert and a little about his background as a BMX rider and circus performer. Meet Romeo, find some moody bike shots from Reykjavik, and check out his drop-bar rig here...
The post Reader’s Rig: Romeo’s Specialized Diverge appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Ultra Talk with Hannah Simon: Introduction to International Bikepacking (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (08:59 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
After a summer in Europe, Hannah Simon is launching a new video series highlighting what she has learned over the past few years of ultra racing. The first episode introduces her recent travels. Watch it here…
The post Ultra Talk with Hannah Simon: Introduction to International Bikepacking (Video) appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Ultra Talk with Hannah Simon: Introduction to International Bikepacking (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (08:59 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
After a summer in Europe, Hannah Simon is launching a new video series highlighting what she has learned over the past few years of ultra racing. The first episode introduces her recent travels. Watch it here…
The post Ultra Talk with Hannah Simon: Introduction to International Bikepacking (Video) appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Politico’s Union Journalists Win Key Ruling In Battle Against Lazy, Undercooked AI [Techdirt] (08:24 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
The rushed integration of half-cooked automation into the already broken U.S. journalism industry simply isn’t going very well. There have been just countless examples where affluent media owners rushed to embrace automation and LLMs (usually to cut corners and undermine labor) with disastrous impact, resulting in lots of plagiarism, completely false headlines, and a giant, completely avoidable mess.
Earlier this year, we noted how Politico was among the major media companies rushing to embrace AI without really thinking things through or ensuring the technology actually works first. They’ve implemented “AI” systems –without transparently informing staff — that generate articles rife with all sorts of gibberish and falsehoods (this Brian Merchant post is a must read to understand the scope).
Politico management also recently introduced another AI “report builder” for premium Politico PRO subscribers that’s supposed to offer a breakdown of existing Politico reporter analysis of complicated topics. But here too the automation constantly screws up, conflating politicians and generating all sorts of errors that, for some incoherent reason, aren’t competently reviewed by Politico editors.
Actual human Politico journalists are understandably not pleased with any of this, especially because the nontransparent introduction of the new automation was in direct violation of the editorial union’s contract struck just last year. So unionized Politico employees spent much of this year battling with Politico via arbitration. And they just won a key battle in the fight, the first of its kind:
“The arbitrator ruled that Politico officially violated the collective bargaining agreement by failing to provide notice, human oversight, or an opportunity for the workers to bargain over the use of AI in the newsroom.
“If the goal is speed and the cost is accuracy and accountability,” the arbitrator wrote in his decision, “AI is the clear winner. If accuracy and accountability is the baseline, then AI, as used in these instances, cannot yet rival the hallmarks of human output, which are accuracy and reliability.” He also confirmed that the report-building product contained “erroneous and even absurd” AI-generated materials.
Politico leadership have made all sorts of crazy claims in the run up to this ruling, including Politico deputy editor-in-chief Joe Schatz claiming that AI can’t and shouldn’t be held to the same ethical standards as actual journalists, because it was technically created by programmers and not journalists.
In a statement, unionized Politico workers hope this sets a precedent at other news organizations:
“We are going to continue holding the line. This ruling is a great example of the important role unions play in ensuring workers have a say over working conditions–including the rollout of new technologies. I hope it emboldens our colleagues at other news shops across the country fighting AI deployments that similarly degrade ethical standards, and I hope it sends a message to managers at POLITICO and news executives everywhere that adopting new technology cannot come at the cost of accuracy and accountability.”
These aren’t “AI doomers.” They’re people who believe AI can be a useful tool, they just want it implemented competently and transparently, within the lines of existing union agreements.
There are, of course, caveats. Most U.S. journalists aren’t protected by a union, and we live in a country where labor regulators are being steadily lobotomized. And Politico itself, owned by yet another weird rich, Trump-friendly zealot, engages in a lot of false equivalency (“both sides,” “view from nowhere”) journalism with or without the help of undercooked automation.
By and large it’s pretty clear what the extraction class ownership of U.S. media want to build: a lazy, badly-automated, clickbait engagement ouroboros that shits out ad engagement and subscription money without the pesky need to pay so many annoying humans for things like health insurance. A system that basically just props up all of billionaire-ownerships’ laziest priors without interference by the plebs.
But, if nothing else, it’s refreshing to see some effective, organized resistance against the rushed implementation of under-cooked automation by the kind of rich assholes for whom informed consensus and the public interest are the very last thing on their minds.
Towers – My favorite shot of 2025 [35mmc] (08:00 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
Everyone’s wonderful posts here have inspired me to review my reel, and as 2025 comes to a close, I think I need to offer up my own favorite from this year. And what a year it was! Between my Voskhod and Contax SLR system, I’ve shot hundreds of photos, and also dozens of Polaroids via...
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2025 Bikepacking Awards: Film, Photography, Writing, and Art [BIKEPACKING.com] (07:36 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
In the final installment of our 2025 Bikepacking Awards, we celebrate inspiring creators with 35 awards across 10 categories, including Best Feature Film, Best Trip Photography, Best Event Documentation, Best Writing, and more. Dive into our 11th annual roundup to see this year’s standout stories and visuals, and explore the full list of winners here…
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Ricoh FF-9SD Limited – Travails of a Transparent Camera in Central Asia [35mmc] (05:00 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
My grandfather had many cameras, he kept them in an old 1980s dry box, and it was only when he was spluttering with edema from his congestive heart failure did we even talk about cameras. But amongst the various clunky gear I sorted through a while later was a strange camera I found out was...
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Rye Cove goes from unable to finish a game to playing for the state championship [Cardinal News] (04:45 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

Four years ago, things could not get worse for Rye Cove High School’s football program.
In game five of the 2021 season, the War Eagles suffered multiple injuries — so many that the team couldn’t continue the contest. There just weren’t enough players.
“They folded,” current head coach Gary Collier said Wednesday. “They shut down.”
Rye Cove suffered eight losses and didn’t win a game that year.
Oh, how far the War Eagles have come.
With 11 wins and only three losses in 2025, the team will travel to Salem on Saturday and play in its first state championship game, fighting for the Class 1 title against Rappahannock, with 12 wins and two losses. Kickoff at Salem Stadium is set for 5 p.m.
This is the first state title shot for both teams.
How did Rye Cove — a tiny school amid rural Scott County’s foothills — come so far in four years?
The secret is that there is no secret, says Collier, who was hired in 2022 — this milestone is the result of work, work, work.

The community of Rye Cove rests on a long, rolling plain of farmland and patches of forest, surrounded by the foothills of the Cumberland mountains and accessible only by two-lane and smaller roads. The nearest four-lane, U.S. 23, is miles away. The closest town, Duffield, is a wide spot at the intersection of 23 and Route 58 with a couple of dollar stores, a grocery store, several factories — and a population of 69 in 2024.
Until now, Rye Cove has been known to history beyond Scott County only because of a tragedy memorialized in a song — and centered on a community school.
On May 2, 1929, a midday tornado ripped through the Rye Cove School, killing 12 students and a teacher. It was the deadliest such storm in Virginia history.

Legendary country music pioneer and Scott County native A.P. Carter volunteered to help clean up after the disaster and captured the tragic scene in his song, “The Cyclone of Rye Cove.”
The site of the terrible event is marked by Cyclone Circle, a quick walk from Rye Cove High School.
See our previous coverage of the 1929 cyclone.
The school serves fewer than 300 students in grades 8-12, drawn from the hills, hollows and pasturelands of Scott County’s northwest corner.
The community is not wealthy. Far from it. According to the Virginia Department of Education, more than 78% of students qualify for free or reduced-price meals.
But Rye Cove does a lot with its limited resources, consistently scoring above both the school division and state averages in math and science.

When the Rye Cove football program could not get any deeper in the dumps, along came Gary Collier.
A native of Lee County’s Pennington Gap, Collier was a star quarterback at Emory & Henry College, graduating in 1988. The year before, he was ranked second in the nation among college quarterbacks for his passing record. He was named a First Team All-American by the Associated Press and player of the year by the Old Dominion Athletic Conference. Collier graduated with seven national passing records and was inducted into the college’s Sports Hall of Fame in 1994.
But Collier didn’t pursue a career in sports or education. After graduation, he served on the Emory & Henry coaching staff for a couple of years, then started working in law enforcement. He served as a Virginia game warden — a job that took him to the Richmond area — then started a 24-year career as a Virginia alcoholic beverage control investigative agent, often working undercover.
His ABC career brought Collier back to Southwest Virginia, settling in Gate City, the Scott County seat and home to the largest of its three high schools.
Collier retired in May 2021, but he stayed busy doing private investigative work, he explained Wednesday.
Then, in 2022, Rye Cove persuaded him to return to the gridiron as head coach.
After shooting blanks throughout the 2021 season, the team finished the 2022 regular season under Collier’s leadership with eight wins and three losses.
In 2023, the War Eagles racked up 11 wins, with two losses.
In 2024, the team won 14 games, losing only once.
The War Eagles won the regional title that year and again this fall.
“Football in Rye Cove has always held a special place in the DNA of our school and community,” Principal Michael Berry explained in a Thursday morning email. “We are so proud of the accomplishments earned by our football team. Playing in this game doesn’t happen by accident, this has been a goal our coaches and players have had for some time now, and to see them reach this point is something that I will never forget.”
Collier says the community embraced the revived football program eagerly. After so many disappointments, “they were hungry.”

Wednesday afternoon, Collier and his assistant coaches — including two former Emory & Henry teammates — ran the War Eagles through play after play under a slow, steady, chilly rain, with temperatures in the mid-40s and a threat of snow.
They practiced roughly 40 minutes south of Rye Cove at Dobyns-Bennett High School, across the Tennessee line in the industrial city of Kingsport, also a hub for regional health care and retail businesses.
There’s a lot of money in Kingsport, population 57,000-plus. And a lot of the city’s manufacturing largesse is on display at D-B. With enrollment approaching 2,400 students, the school is swank, featuring a big stadium that many small college football teams would envy.
The War Eagles’ home field is regular grass turf. They’re practicing on D-B’s artificial turf because it’s closer to the conditions players will experience in Salem, Collier explained.

When asked how Collier and colleagues have brought this team so far in four years, he said there is no magic formula. It comes down to hard work, with a focus on strength through weight training, he explained.
Rye Cove likes to run the ball, protected by a wall of big linemen.
Collier began building this team with freshmen in his first year. Many of them have played football almost as long as they can remember. In a school with fewer than 300 students, he has managed to assemble a team of 42 players. A lot of them started playing as young kids in Little League, he said.
Sixteen players are starters, each of them taking both offensive and defensive roles.
Standing heads above his teammates, one of the leaders is junior Ethan Lawson, hailing from the Pattonsville community near Duffield.
An offensive and defensive lineman, Lawson already topped six feet, five inches and more than 300 pounds as an eighth grader.
A lot of great schools want Lawson’s talents, Collier noted proudly. Five Division I universities are looking at him, along with Division II’s University of Virginia’s College at Wise, about 30 minutes to the north in Wise County.
“I’ve played my entire life,” Lawson said. “I started in kindergarten. I just love the game.”
Collier acknowledged that some players come from households that often get by with limited means. Coaches serve as mentors and supporters beyond sports, he said. They offer a hug and encouraging words to help kids get through their troubles. Sometimes, Collier finds himself asking to make sure a student has gotten enough to eat that day. “Being a coach is more than Xs and Os.”

The community at large steps up as well to support the team, often overcoming meager resources. Collier said he expects a significant contingent of fans to show up Saturday in Salem.
There was a plan in the works to arrange bus travel for fans, he said, but there wasn’t enough interest to go forward. That’s because plenty of people will take it upon themselves to make the three-hour journey to Salem on their own, he believes.
In fact, more than a third of Rye Cove students, about 100 kids, will make the journey as part of their duties, including players, cheerleaders and the school band, Collier noted.
Berry shared Collier’s faith.
“The support for this team is unwavering, and I know our fans will show up for them in Salem,” he wrote. “There have been countless individuals and groups who have reached out and offered support to ensure our kids have everything they need for this trip. For that, we are so thankful and so blessed.”
As the rain soaked them and the chill seeped into their bones, the War Eagles quietly pushed through play after play Wednesday, with plans to practice at D-B again Thursday. No chatter. No distraction. These young men are on a mission to rewrite Rye Cove history.
The rain and chill are no big deal, said fullback Will Rollins. It will be cold at game time Saturday as well. Knowing the team carries the hopes of a community on its shoulders, he intends to maintain a singular focus. “I’m just going to treat it like any other day of the week.”
Lawson, too, wasn’t bothered by the cold rain and refused to let his attention waver. “I just take what the Lord gives me.”
What matters is making the community proud. “The atmosphere is amazing,” Lawson said, with fans, family and the school rallying around the team.
Family extends to the field, he said. “I’m playing with my brothers.”
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The story of Propolice, the OpenBSD stack protector [OpenBSD Journal] (04:43 , Friday, 12 December 2025)
In a fascinating retrospective titled The story of Propolice, longtime OpenBSD developer Miod Vallat (miod@) tells the story of the early stack protection work on OpenBSD.
This is also part of the early history of OpenBSD development, when Miod relates that the project
starts switching its mindset from ``our work is to make the code bug-free'' to ``in addition to making the code bug-free, we should make exploitation as difficult as possible''.
As the article notes, the name Propolice is no longer commonly used, but it denotes an important step in the efforts to make OpenBSD and other systems run on secure and correct code.
The full article, titled The story of Propolice, is well worth your time for filling in gaps in the history of our favorite codebase.
Lynchburg metro is gaining jobs, but wages are falling, federal stats show [Cardinal News] (04:15 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

When members of the Senate Finance Committee gathered at Radford University last month, they sat through hours and hours of charts and graphs detailing the state’s economic condition.
Two of those charts deserve a closer look.
They came in a report from Anna Kovner, executive vice president and director of research for the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. Some of her key points I dealt with in my previous column on the retreat — layoffs are increasing, job postings are declining, wage growth is slowing for the lowest-paid workers, the overall economic hiring outlook looks pretty flat.
There were two charts, though, that required some follow-up questions. I now have those answers. They’re not particularly happy ones, but if you’re turning to economic reports to find joy, you’re usually looking in the wrong place.
The first chart was one that showed employment growth (or contraction) over the past year in most (but not all) of the state’s metro areas:

What we see here shouldn’t surprise anyone who has been following the changes in the Virginia economy, but some things are still worth underlining.
We see the fastest job growth in the Winchester and Richmond metros. Those are also the two fastest-growing metros, population-wise, and those two things are surely connected. Both are seeing job growth at twice or more both the state and national rates.
On the downside, that means every other metro in Virginia is running below the state and/or national rates.
What we should really pay attention to are the three metros at the bottom of the chart. Two of those three — Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads (listed here by the shorthand “Virginia Beach”) — are the two biggest metros in the state. When your two biggest economic engines are at the bottom of this chart, that’s not a good thing.
Northern Virginia shows absolutely no change. We all know the reason for that: President Donald Trump’s downsizing of the federal government. If anything, the surprise is that there’s enough other job growth to balance out those cuts — at least there was through August. Under the circumstances, maybe we should feel fortunate that Northern Virginia’s not on the negative side of the ledger. Still, when your biggest metro has no year-over-year job growth, that’s not a good sign.
Hampton Roads, meanwhile, is losing jobs. So is Harrisonburg, but it’s a much smaller metro — and we’ll come back to Harrisonburg.
We’ve seen similar figures for Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads before, but here’s yet more confirmation that there are economic problems in both places. Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger was at the presentation, and was taking notes, so I hope she caught these figures when they went flashing by on the big screen.
Next we come to wages, and this is where I was the one taking notes.

Once again, we see Winchester leading the way.
We also see Virginia’s wage growth is far higher than the national rate — 8.8% v. 0.9%.
Northern Virginia’s wage growth rate is low — 1.2% — but it is still growing and at a higher rate than the U.S., so we should take our wins where we can find them.
However, three metros in Virginia have wage rates that are contracting: Kingsport/Bristol, Lynchburg and, once again, Harrisonburg.
Kingsport/Bristol isn’t all that surprising given the economic challenges facing that region. Disappointing, but not surprising, so let’s move on to the other two.
Harrisonburg has been losing jobs, so maybe it’s not surprising that its wage growth is in the negative range. The bigger question is why, because that runs counter to what sure looks like a booming economy in the region. My inquiry to the Federal Reserve took me to Joe Mengedoth, a regional economist with the Federal Reserve, who said by email: “The losses are on the private side in both goods producing and services sectors, but more heavily on the producing side.” He also cautions that the chart shows percentages, so with Harrisonburg being a smaller MSA, so are the actual number of job losses — about 500. Bad for the Harrisonburg area but perhaps not that significant in the statewide scheme of things.
Then there’s Lynchburg. At first glance, this makes no sense. Lynchburg is showing pretty good job growth — slightly behind both the state and national pace, but ahead of many other metros in Virginia. So why are wages going down?
Mengedoth had a simple explanation for how Lynchburg wound up in the minus range: Sure, the Lynchburg metro is creating jobs, he says, but it’s creating lower-wage jobs that are pulling the average down.
Here’s more of what he had to say by email: “The average hourly wage data will move up or down depending on the wage rates of the jobs added vs. lost in a month. So if more high paying jobs are being added, all else equal, this would push up the hourly rate. And if more low paying jobs are being added, it would lead to a lower average. So my take would be that Lynchburg is growing in employment but the growth could be coming more from lower wage jobs. For example: retail employment is up 0.8% and professional business services employment is down 1.9% year-over-year. This is just one comparison of two sectors, but I’m just using that to highlight what could lead to lower average wages over time.”
Actually, things are a bit more complicated than that, he says, because “hours worked have fallen off over the last two years.” Even a higher wage won’t matter that much if workers can’t put in enough hours to take advantage of it.
Those two things together have conspired to pull Lynchburg’s average wages down.
These figures may be unique to Lynchburg, but the trends aren’t.
A separate presentation at the Senate Finance Committee showed that Virginia overall was losing jobs in higher-wage sectors and gaining them in lower-wage ones. The biggest job declines were in sectors where the average pay is six figures ($116,000 per year in professional services, $115,000 in federal government jobs) while the biggest gains were in health care and social assistance, where the wage rate is half that. Virginia is creating jobs, but we’re effectively trading down in income. Lynchburg, it would seem, is simply doing the same.
It will be of no comfort at all to tell people in the Lynchburg metro that their community is a perfect example of what’s happening to the economy overall, especially when others are somehow defying these trends. Nonetheless, that appears to be what is happening.
People in the Lynchburg metro should hope that someone other than me was taking notes on this.
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Lynchburg finance committee hears budget report in wake of leadership change and conflicting messaging about surplus [Cardinal News] (04:15 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

Lynchburg city staff and council members are taking stock of the 2025 fiscal year, following the release of the annual finance audit, an abrupt change in finance committee leadership and the ripple effects of a chaotic budget season still fresh in residents’ minds.
The city received a clean opinion from its outside financial auditor for the 2025 fiscal year — “the highest level assurance that we can give to a set of audited financial statements,” Chris Banta, a partner at Brown Edwards LLC, said when presenting the audit report at a specially called city council meeting Tuesday. The fiscal year under review ran from July 1, 2024, to June 30, 2025.
Days earlier, on Dec. 3, Mayor Larry Taylor removed city council member Marty Misjuns from the council’s finance committee, which he had chaired. Taylor later named council member Stephanie Reed, who was already serving on the committee, as the new chair and appointed council member Chris Faraldi to fill the empty seat.
Meanwhile, city council members and staff are still reeling from tense discussions during this spring’s budget planning period. The 2026 fiscal year budget, which took effect July 1 and will continue through June 30, 2026, was adopted at the eleventh hour after months of debates regarding tax rates and cuts to city services and staff positions.
With that backdrop, the new finance committee met Tuesday to hear city staff members’ last financial reports of 2025.
In her opening remarks, Donna Witt, the city’s chief financial officer, said “overall, we did O.K.” in the 2025 fiscal year. Revenues came in about $2.3 million, or 1%, more than what was planned in the budget.
“If you end up with, out of a $240 million budget, to have a surplus in revenues of $2 million, that’s a little closer than I like to be. That’s what keeps me up at night,” Witt said.
The city ended the year with about $9.5 million in unassigned fund balance that can carry into fiscal year 2027, Witt said, largely thanks to department heads’ smart spending.
“At one point during the fiscal year, when I was seeing our consumption revenues like our meals tax and our lodging tax and our sales tax not grow like we anticipated, I did ask our department heads to kind of watch their spending,” Witt said. They “tightened their belts” in response, she said, bringing total operating expenditures down to about 96% of what was planned in the budget.
The city’s unassigned fund balance for the 2025 fiscal year totals $47.4 million. The figure is best described as a “snapshot on June 30” that doesn’t capture commitments the city had already made for the pot of money, Witt said. The $9.5 million is what’s leftover, she said, after the rest of the money is saved in the city’s rainy day fund, in compliance with city financial policy, and allocated to the fiscal year 2026 budget to cover items such as first-quarter adjustments and the waived trash fee.
The economic outlook painted by Witt on Tuesday differed from the one presented by Misjuns days before. In a Sunday press conference, he said he wanted to “give the city of Lynchburg the best Christmas present they ever had” and lower real estate tax rates for the current fiscal year. It’s possible, he said, because the city had about $10 million “we didn’t expect to be there” — which is more than the $6.6 million it would take to bring the real estate tax down to an equalized rate.
The current real estate tax rate — 84 cents per $100 of assessed value — was passed with votes from Misjuns, Taylor, Vice Mayor Curt Diemer and council member Jacqueline Timmer on June 30. The 84-cent rate represents a decrease in the tax rate from the 2025 fiscal year but an increase in tax payments for most residents due to uncharacteristically high real estate assessments.
Misjuns, Diemer and Timmer had pushed for an equalized tax in the two months leading up to the vote. The equalized rate, calculated at 76.7 cents, would have balanced out the increased assessment value and kept tax payments about the same for residents between the 2025 and 2026 fiscal years.
The first payment of real estate tax for this fiscal year was collected at the 84-cent rate in November. The next of four total installments is scheduled for January, according to the city’s billings and collections department.
Misjuns said in an interview Wednesday that his goal is to find ways to retroactively change the rate approved on June 30 and adjust future tax payments to reflect the equalized rate for the remainder of the fiscal year.
Witt said in an emailed statement that the $9.5 million available in the unassigned fund balance cannot replace ongoing revenue, like real estate tax revenue. In following accounting principles, the $9.5 million is only available to cover one-time purchases.
At the Sunday press conference, Misjuns posed the questions: “What comes next? Is the new rubber-stamping finance committee going to spend the surplus instead of giving back to the taxpayers?”
He answered himself in a Tuesday statement to his email subscribers, where he wrote that “when government collects more than it anticipated, the money should be returned to the taxpayers — not hoarded by bureaucrats for new spending.”
The city barely collected more tax revenue than it had budgeted for, Deputy City Manager Greg Patrick said at the finance committee meeting. Of the $2.3 million in additional revenue, only about $1.3 million came from taxes, he said.
And only about $350,000 of that sum could be given out as a rebate, Witt added during the conversation. The General Assembly gives localities the opportunity to offer rebates only for real estate taxes and personal property taxes. Real estate tax revenue fell short of the budget goal in the 2025 fiscal year, according to the general fund quarterly report, so there’s no rebate to give. Personal property tax revenue came in about $350,000 more than planned, but would lead to a minimal rebate when divided among Lynchburg’s 80,000 residents, Witt said.
When asked to respond to Witt’s numbers, Misjuns wrote in a statement: “The fact that only $350,000 qualifies for a refund under the administration’s narrow definition does not change the broader responsibility we have to respond to a mistake of this size. The $9.5 million available in unassigned fund balance reflects excess taxation and inaccurate forecasting, and that is why Council should act by lowering the real estate tax rate for FY2026.”
In following accounting procedure, Witt said, the $9.5 million will come back into play during the budgeting process for 2027, which will begin this spring in preparation for the new fiscal year that begins July 1. Action from the city council is needed to use the funds for one-time purchases.
“It’s important that we have that leftover money,” Witt said at the finance committee meeting, to go toward projects like maintaining city buildings that might not otherwise be budgeted for.
The 2025 reports came in the midst of a leadership change in the city’s finance committee.
When Taylor removed Misjuns from the committee last week, he cited four reasons for his action, according to an email sent from Clerk of Council Alicia Finney to council members: Misjuns’ continued involvement in personnel matters, abuse of city staff, “bad behavior” and “misstatements regarding financial matters.”
At the Sunday press conference, Misjuns labeled Taylor’s claims as “explained without evidence,” “arbitrary and capricious” and “false.” He added that it’s his job to “make sure that every penny spent is necessary” and “ask questions and hold government accountable.”
In an interview, Taylor said he’d “rather not comment” on why he made the decision to remove Misjuns, then added that “actions speak for themselves.”
The city council’s rules of procedure only mention “chair” once, and state: “The Mayor shall make all appointments to, and select the chairs of, the Council’s two standing committees, Finance and Physical Development. Substitutes or alternates may participate on such committees only if so authorized by the Mayor. Committee members for such committees will serve two-year terms.”
Misjuns said that, because he had not yet served as chair for two years, his removal violates the rules of procedure. He added that he didn’t receive the due process he expected because the removal was so abrupt. Misjuns said he had one phone call with Taylor about the situation before being notified he was no longer the finance committee chair.
Reed, a former mayor and now the new finance committee chair, said, “The mayor has the right to appoint committee members and remove committee members.”
Misjuns said he sees Taylor’s action as a step to “completely dismiss the fiscal conservatives on city council” — a group in which he includes himself, Timmer and Diemer. He cited Taylor’s abrupt removal of Diemer from the finance committee earlier this year.
“Why does this pattern keep surfacing? Vice Mayor Diemer was targeted immediately after he publicly called for identifying waste and mismanagement when he was on [the] finance committee. Now I’m being removed after raising similar concerns,” Misjuns said at the press conference.
Taylor said, “No one is being silenced.”
“I give everybody the opportunity to speak, and sometimes they just speak and speak and speak. And I try to make sure — if you notice, I look from left to right, right to left — that everybody has an equal opportunity to speak,” he said, referring to how he moderates city council meetings from a chair in the middle of the dais.
The finance committee reviews the city’s financial reports on a quarterly basis and “serve[s] as a filter in determining specific budget/financial actions to be considered by City Council,” according to the committee’s guidelines. Financial items that need to be considered by the full council include deliberations of the annual budget and capital improvement program, considerations of using the contingency fund and discussions of new programs or changes in current programs that would affect revenues and expenditures.
Reed said she takes her new title seriously, as “all committee members and chairs of those committees should.”
“Of course, if there’s anything concerning that I see, I will absolutely ask questions of city staff to make sure that things are being done appropriately,” she said in an interview.
As chair, she said she hopes to make finance committee meetings an opportunity for residents to be educated on confusing financial topics. She plans to run meetings “in a way that our citizens understand” and “provide transparency so that people do not feel confused or misled by anything that’s going on within the city’s finance department or with their taxpayer dollars.”
“I think it’s extremely important that our citizens have a better understanding of how their taxpayer dollars are being spent and invested by the city government so that they develop a better trust of at least our city government,” she said.
The city council will not meet over the winter holidays. The next full city council meeting is scheduled for Jan. 13, and the next finance committee meeting is scheduled for Jan. 27.
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For the first time in more than a decade, all Danville public schools are fully accredited [Cardinal News] (04:05 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

All 10 schools in the Danville Public Schools system are fully accredited for the first time in more than a decade, according to accreditation results released by the Virginia Department of Education this week. Eight of those 10 are meeting or exceeding state expectations, according to the department.
This achievement is part of a larger momentum in the Danville school district, which is working to bounce back from declines in student performance, test scores and accreditation in the 2000s and 2010s.
“No single test or report card shows the full story of our students’ learning, per the VDOE,” said a Wednesday release from the school system. “That’s why Virginia now uses multiple measures, not just test scores, to understand how schools are helping students grow, meet expectations, and prepare for the future.”
The Danville school system entered into a corrective action plan with the Education Department in 2020 after a majority of its schools lost accreditation. During the 2019-2020 school year, nine out of 11 schools in the district were not fully accredited.
Accreditation has increased under the Education Department support plan, which will remain in place until all schools are accredited for at least two years.

The 2024-2025 academic year was the first time in a decade that five of Danville’s schools were accredited at the same time.
Since 2011, it has been challenging for all city schools to achieve full accreditation simultaneously, Superintendent Angela Hairston noted in the release.
“Today, we are proud to report that every school in Danville Public Schools is now fully accredited,” the release said.
The Education Department revised its accreditation criteria this year, moving away from a heavy emphasis on student performance through the Standards of Learning tests and chronic absenteeism data, according to the release.
Instead, a new accreditation structure focuses more on student progress and outcomes “to show how schools are doing overall and where they can improve,” says the release.
The 2025-2026 school year is the first under this new framework, which was approved by the Virginia Board of Education in January. Schools are now placed in one of four categories: Distinguished, On Track, Off Track or Needs Intensive Support. A school can receive a performance score of Off Track or Needs Intensive Support but still meet the Operational Standards of Accreditation.
Galileo Magnet High School in Danville received the Distinguished designation.
Seven schools — Forest Hills Elementary, George Washington High, O.T. Bonner Middle, Park Avenue Elementary, Schoolfield Elementary, Westwood Middle and Woodberry Hills Elementary — received the On Track designation.
Arnett Hills Elementary, which opened this fall, will receive its rating after the 2025-2026 school year.
E.A. Gibson Elementary received the Off Track designation and R.I.S.E. Academy was designated as Needs Intensive Support.
Though most of the schools in the city are meeting or exceeding state expectations, the school system is “doubling down on key initiatives” to build on this success, according to the release.
“This is not the finish line. It is a launching pad for even greater success,” Hairston said in the release.
Those efforts include a division-wide literacy initiative; deepened support in math, science and history; expanded leader and teacher development; a focus on attendance, school choice and family initiatives; and other goals, says the release.
“This recognition is a powerful reminder that sustained focus, high expectations, and collective effort leads to measurable results,” Hairston said. “For years, we have been working to change the trajectory of student achievement in Danville, and now the state is confirming what we already know, our schools are on the rise.”
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FloydFest adds Railroad Earth and more to `26 lineup [Cardinal News] (04:00 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

A new list of acts for the next FloydFest includes a band coming in for its 12th appearance there.
Railroad Earth topped the list of performers added to the schedule for FloydFest 26~Daydream, set for July 22-26. The Dip, a funk, soul and R&B outfit from Seattle, and Americana favorite Chuck Prophet & His Cumbia Shoes join Railroad Earth atop the list.
Also part of the festival’s Thursday announcement: Bronwyn Keith-Hynes, Parlor Greens, Zach Person, Zion Marley, The Animeros, Cam Clark & His Orchestra, Joslyn & The Sweet Compression and Bella Rayne. FloydFest 25~Aurora On-the-Rise winner Florencia & The Feeling and runner-up Hash The Band round out the announcement.
Those acts join previously announced headliners Tedeschi Trucks Band, My Morning Jacket, Stephen Wilson Jr. and Lukas Nelson.
According to the FloydFest website’s list of previous performances, Railroad Earth made its first gig there in 2004, the fest’s third version. Since then, the group has played 10 more of the events. The New Jersey-founded septet delivers a melody-and-groove-centric, bluegrass-leaning Americana mix with plenty of instrumentally dense jams.
The Dip in April brought a seriously rhythmic set to Harvester Performance Center in Rocky Mount. The tick-tight seven-piece combo featured three blasting horns and induced plenty of audience movement.
Prophet and his old band, The Mission Express, played the Harvester in July 2018, but a few years before that did an unlikely bill at Parkway Brewing Co., in Salem, before the brewery’s live music space was built out.
Neither memory nor Google surfaced the exact date, but it was not long after the place opened, and a load of people were getting their first pints of Parkway’s strong ales and porters. Plenty didn’t know what they were getting into, and got a bit wobbly, adding to the evening’s ambience.
The southern Californian’s new act explores the Latin American cumbia style, which he leaned on during treatment and recovery from a stage four lymphoma diagnosis, according to his record label.
Festival tickets are available at aftontickets.com/floydfest26daydream, and more information is posted at floydfest.com.
Correction 9:47 a.m. Dec. 12, 2025: Railroad Earth has played Floydfest 11 times to date. An earlier version of this article had an incorrect number.
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Then & Now: Martinsville begins dismantling network of gunshot detectors [Cardinal News] (04:00 , Friday, 12 December 2025)

Cardinal News: Then & Now takes a look back at the stories we brought you over the last 12 months. Through the end of the year, we’re sharing updates on some of the people and issues that made news in 2025. This installment: the fate of police surveillance technology in Martinsville.
A little over a year after incorporating additional surveillance technology throughout the city, Martinsville’s Police Department is in the process of scaling it back.
Police Chief Chad Rhoads said the network of listening devices that the city installed near the beginning of the year has not yielded the kinds of results his department was expecting. The department began phasing out individual devices in October with plans to fully phase out the entire system around January.
“The gunshot detection system, it does detect the gunshots but it’s not to the level that we would hope it to be,” Rhoads said. “It didn’t pick up gunshots in the homes where we knew gunshots had taken place, inside of residences, they didn’t pick those up.”
Rhoads described incidents where a neighbor’s Ring doorbell would pick up the sound of multiple shots while a nearby sensor only picked up a fraction of them.
The gunshot detection system consisted of 140 sensors placed around the city. The system uses three sensors to triangulate the location of sounds that are similar to gunfire. The system then sends the location to an officer, warning of a suspected crime.
Rhoads explained that the technology is tuned for a specific sound and doesn’t pick up things like a nearby conversation.
“Those are gunshot detectors,” he said. “They don’t really listen to anything; they just detect the sharp noise of gunshots.”
The technology came from Flock Safety, an Atlanta-based tech firm. Martinsville police paid $80,000 in grant funding received from Operation Ceasefire Virginia, a program from the attorney general’s office.
The devices are advertised to pick up gunfire while filtering other noises. Rhoads said this wasn’t always the case.
“Originally we had thought it was going to be very, very accurate and it would be able to push the message out to our officers and the officers would be able to respond to the areas of the gunshots with a high degree of accuracy,” Rhoads said. “It’s just fallen a little bit short as far as its accuracy and its ability to pick up gunshots.”
Throughout much of the year, Martinsville police experimented with the placement of sensors to find the optimal layout.
Rob Fincher, who was police chief when the sensors first were deployed, described the department’s use of them as an “experiment.” After a year, Rhoads said he believes that his department would be better served without them.
The listening devices were one among a handful of technologies the department has implemented in recent years. Prior to the listening devices, Martinsville police set up automatic license readers and cameras in certain intersections. Rhoads said those two systems left a more favorable impression and are still being used.
“The rest of our Flock equipment, we’re really happy with,” Rhoads said. “They are very effective.”
Rhoads described them as the “contrast” to the gunshot detectors.
“They are very accurate,” Rhoads said. “They have helped us return missing persons, they have helped us recover stolen vehicles.”
All three systems were designed by Flock. A Cardinal News investigation showed that smaller Virginia communities in particular have adopted Flock-designed systems in the past few years.
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Women’s basketball earns blowout over Presbyterian [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (08:46 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
Virginia Tech women’s basketball eased past Presbyterian, 92-36, in Cassell Coliseum on Wednesday night.
Where are the Hokies after 10 games? [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (04:53 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
Virginia Tech men’s basketball is 10 games into its 2025-26 campaign, and the outlook is hopefully optimistic toward ACC play.
OpenAI releases GPT-5.2 after “code red” Google threat alert [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (04:27 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
On Thursday, OpenAI released GPT-5.2, its newest family of AI models for ChatGPT, in three versions called Instant, Thinking, and Pro. The release follows CEO Sam Altman’s internal “code red” memo earlier this month, which directed company resources toward improving ChatGPT in response to competitive pressure from Google’s Gemini 3 AI model.
“We designed 5.2 to unlock even more economic value for people,” Fidji Simo, OpenAI’s chief product officer, said during a press briefing with journalists on Thursday. “It’s better at creating spreadsheets, building presentations, writing code, perceiving images, understanding long context, using tools and then linking complex, multi-step projects.”
As with previous versions of GPT-5, the three model tiers serve different purposes: Instant handles faster tasks like writing and translation; Thinking spits out simulated reasoning “thinking” text in an attempt to tackle more complex work like coding and math; and Pro spits out even more simulated reasoning text with the goal of delivering the highest-accuracy performance for difficult problems.
Disney invests $1 billion in OpenAI, licenses 200 characters for AI video app Sora [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (11:43 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
On Thursday, The Walt Disney Company announced a $1 billion investment in OpenAI and a three-year licensing agreement that will allow users of OpenAI’s Sora video generator to create short clips featuring more than 200 Disney, Marvel, Pixar, and Star Wars characters. It’s the first major content licensing partnership between a Hollywood studio related to the most recent version of OpenAI’s AI video platform, which drew criticism from some parts of the entertainment industry when it launched in late September.
“Technological innovation has continually shaped the evolution of entertainment, bringing with it new ways to create and share great stories with the world,” said Disney CEO Robert A. Iger in the announcement. “The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence marks an important moment for our industry, and through this collaboration with OpenAI we will thoughtfully and responsibly extend the reach of our storytelling through generative AI, while respecting and protecting creators and their works.”
The deal creates interesting bedfellows between a company that basically defined modern US copyright policy through congressional lobbying back in the 1990s and one that has argued in a submission to the UK House of Lords that useful AI models cannot be created without copyrighted material.
Afuera: An Ultra Racing Story (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (11:26 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
"Afuera" is a new ultra-racing documentary following Alvin Escajeda as he battles through an evolution of his own identity during the fifth edition of the Trans Pyrenees Race. To find the 20-minute video and more on this incredible journey, read on below...
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Panasonic C—D 2200 ZM – Round Two [35mmc] (11:00 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
Panasonic C-D 2200 ZM, repairing light leak
The post Panasonic C—D 2200 ZM – Round Two appeared first on 35mmc.
Moga Bags Complete Bikepacking Bundles [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:32 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
Moga Bags in Brussels, Belgium, just rolled out a colorful array of one-of-a-kind bundles that feature all the bags you need to load up your rig for bikepacking. Learn more about these new readymade kits here...
The post Moga Bags Complete Bikepacking Bundles appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Singlespeeding the 2025 Texas Showdown (Slowdown) Series [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:19 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
Tyler Reynolds was the only singlespeeder to attempt and complete all three events in the 2025 Texas Showdown Series, making him the first person to complete the trio in the category in a calendar year. Find his recap with photos from the media team here...
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Ortlieb Introduces Bright New Cyber Line [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:51 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
The all-new Ortlieb Cyber Line comprises five classics from the longstanding German brand, all made using vivid pink and blue fabrics. Check them out here...
The post Ortlieb Introduces Bright New Cyber Line appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Oracle shares slide on $15B increase in data center spending [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (09:39 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
Oracle stock dropped after it reported disappointing revenues on Wednesday alongside a $15 billion increase in its planned spending on data centers this year to serve artificial intelligence groups.
Shares in Larry Ellison’s database company fell 11 percent in pre-market trading on Thursday after it reported revenues of $16.1 billion in the last quarter, up 14 percent from the previous year, but below analysts’ estimates.
Oracle raised its forecast for capital expenditure this financial year by more than 40 percent to $50 billion. The outlay, largely directed to building data centers, climbed to $12 billion in the quarter, above expectations of $8.4 billion.
Slow Spokes on the White Rim (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:17 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
“The White Rim” is a new video from avid bikepackers Chris and Hillary of Slow Spokes that explores a fun, relaxing, self-supported trip through one of Utah’s most famous off-road trails. Learn more and watch the video below…
The post Slow Spokes on the White Rim (Video) appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Bikepacking Across Central Afghanistan [BIKEPACKING.com] (07:26 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
As part of an ongoing multi-year journey around the world, intrepid German bikepacker Max Roving spent time traversing the rugged folds of Afghanistan’s Hindu Kush mountain range this summer. In this piece, he shares a detailed report and a breathtaking photo gallery from his ride. Find it all here...
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.NET packages may require manual intervention [Arch Linux: Recent news updates] (02:01 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
The following packages may require manual intervention due to the upgrade from 9.0 to 10.0:
pacman may display the following error failed to prepare transaction (could not satisfy dependencies) for the affected packages.
If you are affected by this and require the 9.0 packages, the following commands will update e.g. aspnet-runtime to aspnet-runtime-9.0:
pacman -Syu aspnet-runtime-9.0
pacman -Rs aspnet-runtime
Everything Matters: Wool Jerseys [Rene Herse Cycles] (02:00 , Thursday, 11 December 2025)
We just received a small shipment of our ultra-soft Merino Wool Jerseys… That’s a good opportunity to revisit why we go through the trouble of making our favorite jerseys in tiny numbers: They are a key component for our rides and adventures. It’s no exaggeration to say that these jerseys have changed the way we ride.
During my early explorations of the Cascade Mountains, I got sweaty on uphills and then chilled on downhills—even if I stopped on the pass and put on extra clothes and a rainshell. During one cross-mountain ride, it started to drizzle on the descent from Snoqualmie Pass, and I got borderline hypothermic. I was riding on the shoulder of the freeway—that’s what we did back then!—so I’d have been OK (hopefully) if I had been unable to continue. Exploring the unknown would have been too risky in conditions like that.
Then I discovered Merino wool jerseys. They are comfortable over a wide range of temperatures. They don’t lose their ability to insulate when they get wet. Unlike the scratchy wool jerseys I had experienced before, the best Merino wool is so soft that it’s comfortable to wear directly on the skin (unless you have an allergy). As an added plus, wool doesn’t retain odors. Tired of the garish cycling wear in those pre-Rapha days, I designed a simple jersey for our club, the Seattle Randonneurs. It became so popular that our riders were simply known as ‘Blueshirts’ for a while.

During one especially memorable adventure, made possible by these wool jerseys, I headed into the Sawtooth Mountains in late autumn. We just had received prototypes of the then-new Extralight tires with their new and ultra-supple casings, and I wanted to test them before the winter set in for good. The first snow had already fallen.
“Good luck!” was the send-off from the burly guy with the snowplow truck who’d tried and failed to make it across the mountains on my route. He was not wrong: I had to hike the last mile to the pass, because the snow was too deep to ride. On the pass, I took a selfie (above). For a moment, I hesitated: “Continue into the unknown or turn around?” Then I pushed forward, rode down the snowy mountain—gravity now on my side—then hiked across a huge washout and forded a creek, and finally made it to my hotel in Packwood, a few hours late, but none the worse for wear.

“Good luck!” said the road crew worker the next morning when I told him I was heading up Chinook Pass. Two-thirds of the way up, I traversed a tunnel. On the other side, snow was falling in heavy flakes, and the road was turning white. Without a wool jersey, this view would have had me turn around. Instead, I stopped inside the tunnel to put plastic bags onto my feet. (I had forgotten to bring booties.) Then I continued.

I made it across Chinook Pass without problems, then explored another gravel road to Lake Eleanor, which turned out to be impassable. I turned around and showed up at my favorite cafe in Greenwater for a late lunch. The owner, who had seen me come through on various adventures, exclaimed: “I’m glad you’re still crazy!” I returned home that night, my testing of the new Extralight casing complete. The new tires had proven their speed and strength under these harsh conditions.
I hadn’t even though about my clothing…and I had created memories that will last a lifetime. (The full story of this adventure was published in Bicycle Quarterly 81, our 20th anniversary edition.)

Not having to add and subtract layers for every climb and downhill also saves valuable time. During my FKT ride on the Oregon Outback, I took off the long-sleeve jersey and wool tights mid-morning and then put them back on after sunset. In the middle of the night, I added a rainshell for a particularly long and cold descent, then took it off before the next climb. That’s already the extent of dressing and undressing for the entire 585 km, 26-hour ride across multiple mountain ranges.

At the finish (above), I was still wearing the wool jersey, even though temperatures had gone from just above freezing to somewhere in the 60s (Fahrenheit, or about 15°C). That’s how adaptable wool is. (Ask sheep, who don’t take off layers when it gets cold or rainy, either.) When I’m competing with riders much stronger than me, not stopping is the easiest (and only) way to get ahead.

Wool jerseys aren’t just great for multi-day bikepacking adventures and ultra races. Even for a race like Bon Jon Pass Out—with a climb and descent over its namesake pass—my wool jersey takes the stress out of planning my clothing. The climb will be hot no matter the weather, but the descent can be very cold. Having a jersey that is comfortable over a wide temperature range, and even in the rain, is essential for an enjoyable ride or race.
Since those first ‘blueshirts’ I designed for the club, we’ve updated the design with help from the team that designed our OPEN × Rene Herse limited edition frames. It’s still understated, but a lot nicer. (I’m not a designer; they are!)
There’s a reason why big clothing makers prefer synthetic fabrics, and it has nothing to do with performance. Great Merino wool is expensive and hard to source. (There are many different grades of Merino. We’re using the very best.) If we applied normal clothing mark-ups to these jerseys, they’d cost twice as much—about the same as a top-shelf Merino sweater. In fact, we made a wonderful Merino sweater with the same materials for our 85th anniversary. (Sorry, those are sold out.)
“He’s really trying to sell those jerseys,” you may think, but that’s not really true. We’ve only got 22 of them, and a number of those are reserved for me and my friends on the BQ Team. The reason they exist is simple: We need them for our rides and adventures. If you’d like one for yourself, get one while they last.

In other clothing news, Apidura’s Packable Visibility Vests are on the way. Incredibly light and breathable, and not flapping in the wind even at high speeds, these are the reflective vests I’ve wanted for years. Now that Apidura has made them, I carry mine on all my adventures. You can pre-order yours now.
More information:
Photo credits: Rugile Kaladyte (Photos 1, 5); Mark Ahrens (Photo 6); Daniel James (Photo 7).
WINE Cooler [Tedium] (10:23 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)

I write a lot these days, but my path into journalism, going way back to J-School, was through layout.
For years, I was a graphic designer at a number of newspapers—some fairly small, some quite large. I was a card-carrying member of the Society for News Design. It was one of my biggest passions, and I fully expected to have a long career in newspaper design. But newspapers as a medium haven’t really panned out, so I eventually fell into writing.
But I still adore laying out a big project, conceptualizing it, and trying to use it to visually add to the story that the words are trying to convey. It’s not quite a lost art, but I do think that print layout is something that has been a bit back-burnered by society at large.
So when 404 Media co-founder Jason Koebler, who spent years editing my writing for Motherboard, reached out about doing a zine, I was absolutely in. The goal of the zine—to shine a spotlight on the intersection of ICE and surveillance tech—was important. Plus, I like working with Jason, and it was an opportunity to get into print design again after quite a few years away.
I just had two problems: One, I have decided that I no longer want to give Adobe money because of cost and ethical concerns about its business model. And two, I now use Linux pretty much exclusively (Bazzite DX, in case you’re wondering).
But the good news is that the open-source community has done a lot of work, and despite my own tech shifts, professional-grade print design on Linux is now a viable option.
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The meme in the Linux community writes itself: “I would move over to Linux, but I need Photoshop and InDesign and [insert app here] too much.” In the past, this has been a real barrier for designers, especially those who rely on print layout, where open-source alternatives are very limited. (They’ve also been traditionally at the mercy of print shops that have no time for your weird non-standard app.)
Admittedly, the native tools have been getting better. I’m not really a fan myself, but I know GIMP is getting closer in parity to Photoshop. Inkscape is a totally viable vector drawing app. Video is very doable on Linux thanks to the FOSS Kendenlive and the commercial DaVinci Resolve. Blender is basically a de facto standard for 3D at this point. The web-based Penpot is a capable Figma alternative. And Krita, while promoted as a digital painting app, has become my tool of choice for making frame-based animated GIFs, which I do a lot for Tedium.
But for ink-stained print layout nerds, it has been tougher to make the shift (our apologies to Scribus). And Adobe locks down Creative Cloud pretty hard.
However, the recent Affinity release, while drawing some skepticism from the open-source community as a potential enshittification issue, is starting to open up a fresh lane. For those not aware, the new version of Affinity essentially combines the three traditional design apps—vector editor, raster editor, and page layout—into a single tool. It’s pretty good at all three. (Plus, for business reasons related to its owner Canva, it’s currently free to use.)
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While it doesn’t have a dedicated Linux version, it more or less runs very well using WINE, the technology that has enabled a Linux renaissance via the Steam Deck. (Some passionate community members, like the WINE hacker ElementalWarrior, have worked hard to make this a fully-fleshed out experience that can even be installed more or less painlessly.)
The desire for a native Linux version of a pro-level design app is such that the Canva subsidiary is thinking about doing it themselves.
But I’m not the kind of person who likes to wait, so I decided to try to build as much of the zine as I could with Affinity for page layout. For the few things I couldn’t do, I would remote into a Mac.
Another consideration here is the fact that this zine is being built with Risograph printing, a multicolor printing approach distinct from the more traditional CMYK. The inky printing process, similar to screen printing, has a distinct, vibrant look, even if it avoids the traditional four-color approach (in our case, using layers of pink, black, and lime green).
Throughout the process, I spent a lot of time setting layers to multiply to ensure the results looked good, and adding effects like halftone and erase to help balance out the color effects. This mostly worked OK, though I did have some glitches.
At one point, a lime-green frog lost much of its detail when I tried to RISO-fy it, requiring me to double-check my color settings and ensure I was getting the right tone. And sometimes, PDF exports from Affinity added unsightly lines, which I had to go out of my way to remove. If I was designing for newspapers, I might have been forced to come up with a quick plan B for that layout. But fortunately, I had the luxury of not working on a daily deadline like I might have back in the day.
I think that this layout approach is genuinely fascinating—and I know Jason in particular is a huge fan of it. Could I see other publications in the 404 mold taking notes from this and doing the same thing? Heck yes.
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So, the headline you can take away from this is pretty simple: Laying stuff out in Affinity over Linux is extremely doable, and if you’re doing it occasionally, you will find a quite capable tool.
Admittedly, if this was, like, my main gig, I might still feel the urge to go back to MacOS—especially near the end of the process. Here’s what I learned:
The good: Workflow-wise, it was pretty smooth. Image cutouts—a tightly honed skill of mine that AI has been trying to obsolete for years—were very doable. Affinity also has some great effects tools that in many ways beat equivalents in other apps, such as its glitch tool and its live filter layers. It didn’t feel like I was getting a second-class experience when all was said and done.
The bad: My muscle memory for InDesign shortcuts was completely ineffective for this, and there were occasional features of InDesign and Photoshop that I did not find direct equivalents for in Affinity. WINE’s file menus tend to look like old Windows, which might be a turn-off for UX purists, and required a bit of extra navigation to dig through folders. Also, one downside of WINE that I could not work past was that I couldn’t use my laptop’s Intel-based GPU for machine learning tasks, a known bug that I imagine slowed some things down on graphically intensive pages.
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The ugly: I think one area Affinity will need to work on as it attempts to sell the idea that you can design in one interface are better strategies to help mash down content for export. At one point while I was trying to make a PDF, Affinity promised me that the file I would be exporting was going to be 17 exabytes in size, which my SSD was definitely not large enough for. That wasn’t true, but it does emphasize that the dream of doing everything in one interface gets complicated when you want to send things to the printer. Much of the work I did near the end of the process was rasterizing layers to ensure everything looked as intended.
When I did have to use a Mac app for something (mainly accessing Spectrolite, a prepress app for RISO designs), I accessed an old Hackintosh using NoMachine, a tool for connecting to computers remotely. So even for the stuff I actually needed MacOS for, I didn’t need to leave the comforts of my janky laptop.
Was it 100% perfect? No. Affinity crashed every once in a while, but InDesign did that all the time back in the day. And admittedly, an office full of people using Affinity on Linux isn’t going to work as well as one guy in a coffee shop working with a team of editors over chat and email.
But it’s my hope that experiences like mine convince other people to try it, and for companies to embrace it. Affinity isn’t open-source, and Canva is a giant company with plenty of critics, just like Adobe. But there are emerging projects like PixiEditor and Graphite that could eventually make print layout an extremely viable and even modern open-source endeavor.
But we have to take victories where we can find them, and the one I see is that Affinity is a lot less locked down than Creative Cloud, which is why it’s viable on Linux. And in general, this feels like an opportunity to get away from the DRM-driven past of creative software. (Hey Canva, it’s never too late to make Affinity open-source.)
Difficult reporting shouldn’t have to be tethered to the whims of Big Tech to exist. Especially when that tech—on Amazon’s cloud, using Adobe’s PDFs, through Google’s search, over Meta’s social network, with Apple’s phones, and on Microsoft’s operating system—too often causes uncomfortable tensions with the reporting. This is one step towards a better escape hatch.
Speaking of useful image tools, I want to give a shout to Imagor Studio, a self-hosted image management app. It’s actually an extension of a tool Tedium uses for image rendering, Imagor.
The video creator David Hoffman has been pulling absolute gems from his archive over the years, but this one, in which telephone operators discuss their feelings on automation, really hits home.
And yeah, I did a Nieman Lab prediction this year. It’s about my recent hobbyhorse, Grokipedia.
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Find this one an interesting read? Share it with a pal—and pick up 404 Media’s upcoming zine.
Want to resist the impending doom of big tech? Check out our sponsor la machine, a beautiful machine that won’t even let you hit the on button.
A new open-weights AI coding model is closing in on proprietary options [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (03:38 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
On Tuesday, French AI startup Mistral AI released Devstral 2, a 123 billion parameter open-weights coding model designed to work as part of an autonomous software engineering agent. The model achieves a 72.2 percent score on SWE-bench Verified, a benchmark that attempts to test whether AI systems can solve real GitHub issues, putting it among the top-performing open-weights models.
Perhaps more notably, Mistral didn’t just release an AI model, it released a new development app called Mistral Vibe. It’s a command line interface (CLI) similar to Claude Code, OpenAI Codex, and Gemini CLI that lets developers interact with the Devstral models directly in their terminal. The tool can scan file structures and Git status to maintain context across an entire project, make changes across multiple files, and execute shell commands autonomously. Mistral released the CLI under the Apache 2.0 license.
It’s always wise to take AI benchmarks with a large grain of salt, but we’ve heard from employees of the big AI companies that they pay very close attention to how well models do on SWE-bench Verified, which presents AI models with 500 real software engineering problems pulled from GitHub issues in popular Python repositories. The AI must read the issue description, navigate the codebase, and generate a working patch that passes unit tests. While some AI researchers have noted that around 90 percent of the tasks in the benchmark test relatively simple bug fixes that experienced engineers could complete in under an hour, it’s one of the few standardized ways to compare coding models.
Virginia Tech alumni form tobacco harm-reduction company [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (02:36 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
As winter graduation approaches, many students preparing to graduate feel unsure about themselves and their futures. The path beyond graduation offers many opportunities, and each student has their own story.
Our Best Bikepacking Bikes of 2025 (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (11:55 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
In Neil's latest video, he discusses the best bikepacking bikes of 2025 and speaks to some trends and models we're excited to test in 2026. Dive into his latest below...
The post Our Best Bikepacking Bikes of 2025 (Video) appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Last Call for Wit Slingers Bag Orders!? [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:36 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
Tijmen Kervers of Wit Slingers in Leipzig, Germany, just shared the unfortunate news that he's closing bag orders on December 31st, "at least for a while, maybe forever." This could be your last chance to pick up a custom or readymade bag from one of the most creative and talented makers in Europe. Find details here...
The post Last Call for Wit Slingers Bag Orders!? appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
The Updated Knolly Cache Titanium is a Touch Slacker and has More Mounts [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:01 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
The updated Knolly Cache Titanium still features a titanium frame with CNC-machined details, but now offers more mounting points, SRAM UDH rear dropouts, and a suspension-corrected front end. Dig into the details here...
The post The Updated Knolly Cache Titanium is a Touch Slacker and has More Mounts appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
The Outside Supply Toad Bar is Made in the USA [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:07 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
Launched earlier this week, the Outside Supply Toad Bar is a new flat bar from S&M Bikes in California. For more on this collaborative design, read on below...
The post The Outside Supply Toad Bar is Made in the USA appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Operation Bluebird wants to relaunch “Twitter,” says Musk abandoned the name and logo [Biz & IT – Ars Technica] (07:32 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
A Virginia startup calling itself “Operation Bluebird” announced this week that it has filed a formal petition with the US Patent and Trademark Office, asking the federal agency to cancel X Corporation’s trademarks of the words “Twitter” and “tweet” since X has allegedly abandoned them.
“The TWITTER and TWEET brands have been eradicated from X Corp.’s products, services, and marketing, effectively abandoning the storied brand, with no intention to resume use of the mark,” the petition states. “The TWITTER bird was grounded.”
If successful, two leaders of the group tell Ars, Operation Bluebird would launch a social network under the name Twitter.new, possibly as early as late next year. (Twitter.new has created a working prototype and is already inviting users to reserve handles.)
The Livigno Loop [BIKEPACKING.com] (06:48 , Wednesday, 10 December 2025)
The Livigno Loop serves a unique purpose. Depending on late or early snow, it can be ridden all spring, summer, and fall to experience a classic alpine bikepacking journey. Jagged […]
The post The Livigno Loop appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
Women’s basketball knocks off Florida in back-and-forth thriller [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (01:31 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
Virginia Tech tallied a point for the ACC in the ACC/SEC Challenge in Blacksburg on Thursday, prevailing 68-64 over Florida.
Virginia Tech ousts George Mason with Schutt-led surge [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (01:07 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
George Mason learned something on Saturday that the Hokies have always known: Jaden Schutt is the kind of shooter that can change a game before you even realize it.
Compartmentalizing [Tedium] (11:45 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)

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If you’re a developer or even modestly nerdy about technology, you probably are familiar with the concept of Docker and containerization. It’s the idea of being able to run a number of separate virtualized or abstracted computers inside a larger one.
Docker isn’t the first example of its approach—you have to look to FreeBSD’s “jails” concept for that one. But the decision to explicitly brand it around shipping containers, down to its logo, speaks to the conceptual brilliance of the shipping container.
Putting this in computer software terms: Traditionally, when you install an application, it sprays data around your computer. That can get terribly complicated to manage and can even degrade the performance of your operating system over time as multiple apps do the same thing. But by keeping that app together, it applies some operational consistency.
This explains why these sorts of organizing elements—be they Snaps, Pods, Flatpaks, or AppImages—have become so popular on Linux. While Docker (which is more focused on the server side of things than Snaps or Flatpaks are) works differently from most of those technically, it reflects a certain conceptual lineage.
Now apply this concept to physical cargo, and you can see the appeal. If you put 1,000 smartphones or 1,000 lawn chairs on a plane or ship, you don’t just leave them out loosey-goosey. That not only is harder to manage, it can also cost more, too, because there is more labor involved. And there’s always a risk that one shipment might get mixed up with another, causing serious problems.
Put simply, we needed a way to ensure that if a manufacturer had a product that they wanted to ship halfway across the world, it was left fully intact and untouched during the import process. That’s where the container comes into play.
And oddly enough, this idea came not from the world of ships, but the world of trucking—specifically from the owner of a trucking company who had spent his early career working around the limitations of his local market.
Malcom McLean—born Malcolm, but having removed the second L himself—essentially came to the trucking industry from nothing. He took interest in the delivery driver who dropped off oil to his Red Springs, North Carolina gas station, and made $5 for the task—not a small amount of money in 1933, the equivalent of $125 today. Eventually, he got access to a dump truck, which he then leased out—using the revenue from that to buy another truck. Within a few years, McLean had upgraded to shipping textiles, and within two decades, the firm had thousands of trucks to its name.
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In a fawning 1953 profile in his local newspaper, the Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel, writer Chester S. Davis explained why starting a trucking company in North Carolina, specifically, was a solution to a problem:
For the first 350 years of its history North Carolina has been crippled by inadequate transportation. Our coast is the most treacherous on the eastern seaboard. We have no first-rate natural harbors. Only one of our rivers—the Cape Fear—empties into the ocean. The others drain into shallow coastal sounds or, like the Yadkin-Pee Dee, flow into other states.
Combine that with the mountain terrain on the western part of the state, and you have a complicated state of affairs for getting goods into the state. Often, goods delivered by ship would have to go into a nearby port—such as the natural one in Virginia’s Hampton Roads region—to get delivered elsewhere.
North Carolina’s trucking industry grew quickly in the 1940s as a result, especially thanks to firms like the McLean Trucking Company, a firm that had expanded to 12 states at the time of the 1953 piece. Many firms in the sector started not unlike McLean’s. “The industry has been built out by a bunch of horny-handed characters who started out as truck drivers,” Davis wrote, McLean included.
But Malcom, as the piece states, had a vision. That vision was so broad and unexpected that there’s no way Davis could have known that in a decade, Malcom would own one of the largest maritime shipping concerns in the world. Not trucking—maritime.
And it comes down to a perception that nobody else was really considering—an idea he filed a patent application for just a year after the 1953 piece.
The year that the shipping company Wallenius Line developed the first purpose-built “ro-ro” shipping freighter. This shipping use case, referring to “roll-on/roll-off,” was a type of freighter specifically for finished vehicles. The concept played a significant role in the globalization of the auto industry by making it possible to cost-effectively import cars to other parts of the world. While the cars are built a little more piecemeal today, if you’ve ever driven a Toyota imported from Japan, you have a ro-ro to thank for making that market possible.
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Tankers were already quite common in the 1950s, but they had a significant problem: They weren’t really designed to carry lots of different kinds of things. If a tanker was moving oil between coasts, there wasn’t really room for anything other than oil.
This was inefficient for multiple reasons: For one thing, if you were delivering oil from one port to another, it’s not like the tanker was going to bring oil back with it—that’s not how oil works. That meant a return trip was a function of sheer location and was otherwise completely fruitless.
Compare this to trucking—when McLean’s crew delivered textiles up north, they often brought something back with them. What if you could apply this thinking to ships?
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And so, that’s what McLean did with U.S. patent 2,853,968, “Apparatus for Shipping Freight.” The strategy was simple: Rather than having trucks deliver freight that could be placed on a ship to travel globally, you put the truck bed itself onto the ship. The tankers, many of which had been used in World War II, were large enough to hold dozens of them, and the scale meant the ships could carry literal tons of freight—per container.
Plus, containers are strong enough to make the transition in one piece, literally—and by treating them like building blocks, they become even stronger structurally. Per the patent filing:
The containers are of sturdy construction capable of withstanding the forces to be encountered on the open seas and are adapted to receive the freight to be trans ported. In a specific, and particularly advantageous, embodiment of my invention, hereafter more specifically described, each container may be of a construction adapted to receive a complete truck-trailer fully loaded with freight.
The construction is such that two rows of containers are formed. Preferably, the containers of one row are in side by side relation with each other and in end to end relation with the adjacent containers of the other row. Thus, the long sides of the containers are protected from direct impact from high seas by adjoining containers and in the case of the four end containers their outer sides are protected by the forecastle or poop deck structure as the case may be.
There are lots of other advantages, too: It didn’t require significant redesigns of existing ships, and by placing the containers atop the ship, it could suddenly make single-purpose ships multifunctional. Plus, it prevented containers from getting lost—like the items on a plate destined for a picky eater, everything’s kept separate.
Soon after filing this patent, McLean resigned from his position with McLean Trucking Company and founded a replacement company. Within a couple of years, McLean had launched a company, Sea-Land, and a ship of his own to test out the idea. He set up deliveries from New Jersey to Houston to prove to skeptical shipping firms that he wasn’t crazy. Not only did the idea work, but it worked swimmingly well.
About 15 years later, McLean would make another exit from a company he built—except this time it was a company worth mid-nine figures, not low-eight.
When the SS Ideal-X launched, modified to allow more containers to sit on the top, little did McLean know that he was about to fundamentally change an industry. And not always for the better.
“I’d like to sink that sonofabitch.”
— Freddy Fields, an official with the International Longshoremen’s Association, responding to the departure of the SS Ideal-X out of Newark, New Jersey, on its initial voyage. Fields, perhaps earlier than most, realized that containers were going to threaten a lot of jobs, because containers don’t need their goods removed manually in most cases, and that was kind of what longshoremen did. It’s hard to argue in favor of a crew of people doing 20-plus hours of back-breaking work, when you can just Lincoln-Log it in a couple of minutes.
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Fans of ruthless efficiency will find a lot to like about the story of shipping containers. They not only simplified a complex process, but they made shipping a much more cost-effective tool for product globalization.
There are likely many things in your home that spent time on a freighter before they landed in your hands, and it’s because shipping suddenly became cost-effective—pennies on the dollar compared to what it was previously.
But there’s a lot of complication that comes with the model, and much of it falls on longshoremen. As a 1978 Bureau of Labor Statistics report on the longshore industry put it:
The advent of container technology in the early 1950s and competitive pressures to cut costs and improve productivity led management to initiate innovative approaches in the use of cargo handling equipment and work processes.
It became a huge point of contention in many labor battles, as the added efficiency came at the cost of tens of thousands of jobs globally, along with a gradual decline in rights for the workers that remained. Numerous work stoppages followed.
And it’s not like things have gotten much better since. As a 2022 piece from The American Prospect noted, recent deregulations in the container industry have increased the sizes of ships while creating additional complexity at ports. In the example they shared, a crew of Filipino seafarers found themselves stuck at sea for more than a year—but also stuck at the Long Beach port for months, all because the port was too full.
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There is some irony to this, as McLean had basically come up with the shipping container idea specifically to cut down on unnecessary delays. As Ian Graham wrote in his book Fifty Ships That Changed the Course of History:
During Thanksgiving Week in 1937, McLean accompanied a cargo of cotton to New York and watched it being loaded on board a ship bound for Istanbul, Turkey. As the days went by, he grew increasingly frustrated by the delays. Since shipping companies couldn’t predict how long the process would take and therefore exactly when a ship would leave one port and arrive at its next port, they had to deliver their cargo to port facilities days or even weeks before it was due to be loaded onto a ship, increasing the chance that some of it might be lost, damaged or stolen. Vast warehouses were needed to store goods at ports, and the process was so
labor-intensive that it was also very expensive.
Essentially, you might argue that McLean’s simple idea worked so well that it actually created a situation where those delays are happening during the drop-off process.
Compare the number of containers on McLean’s ship with the number of containers on the Ever Given, the ship that infamously got stuck in the Suez Canal a few years back.
Though to be completely fair to McLean’s great idea, it was somewhat sabotaged by deregulation, which arguably made it almost too popular. From Amir Khafagy’s American Prospect piece:
Prior to the 1980s, the Shipping Act of 1916 regulated the relatively modest ocean carrier industry like a public utility. Prices were transparent and there were no exclusive agreements for volume shippers; anyone wanting to ship cargo could access the same rates. The United States Shipping Board, later the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC), regulated prices and practices, and subsidies assisted domestic shipbuilding. The act enabled smaller companies to enter ocean shipping with stable prices to weather downturns.
But the Shipping Act of 1984, and later the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998, took down this architecture. It allowed shipping companies to consolidate, and eliminated price transparency, facilitating secret deals with importers and exporters. The FMC was defanged as a regulator. Almost immediately, containerization took off. The number of goods carried by containers skyrocketed from 102 million metric tons in 1980 to about 1.83 billion metric tons as of 2017.
This essentially created our modern economy of cheap stuff delivered cheaply from around the world. But it also created chaos in the form of bad labor conditions and a significant shift in terms of what the shipping industry needed from longshoremen and seafarers alike. Plus, the ships—and the ports!—had to keep changing to accommodate the puzzle pieces that Malcom McLean invented. They were LEGOs with consequences.
Putting this back in computer terms, because those are the open seas I’m familiar with: Docker is great for compartmentalizing self-hosted apps. But the truth of the matter is, every computer has a ceiling of how many containers it can manage. Some can handle one or two, others 20 or 30.
But eventually, there’s a limit, a point where things can topple over because there’s just too much stuff. But it’s a mushy limit, one that you will only find after testing the waters and finding that you’re starting to boil the ocean. Containerization is such a good idea, in a shipping context, because it turned an expensive, time-consuming shipping process into a cheap one.
But like the stuff on your computer, it’s not immune to enshittification. And eventually, the stuff wants to break out of the container.
Malcom McLean was obviously a brilliant guy whose brilliant invention has been used in less-than-brilliant ways. But I definitely would not go so far as a 2021 piece from a North Carolina news radio station did: “Did a North Carolinian Cause the Suez Canal Back-Up?”
/uploads/mclean2.jpeg)
That’s a bit too butterfly-effecty even for me, the king of connecting disparate things together. (He’s dead now, but presuming there’s an afterlife, it probably grinds McLean’s gears that the Suez Canal incident shows just how far containerization strayed from his original idea.)
But I do think it highlights a deeper point: Innovation in the hands of an industry that sees unlimited upside means that there will always be unforeseen problems. This is an issue with industries big and small, but it’s especially acute in logistics, a field where the work never ends and there’s always a threat of burnout.
To get a little personal for a second, my dad worked in shipping logistics. He managed freight that went out of an airport, and I remember he always worked the most insane hours. Gone by 6, home by 10. It became clear at some point that burnout hit him hard, and the adjustment to a sense of normalcy after multiple years of 18 hour days really did a number on him.
He died young. I officially outlived him last year.
Yeah, I’ve been thinking about burnout lately, and how difficult it is to recharge the batteries. (I’m feeling some of it myself, but I’m trying.) I’ve never worked in logistics beyond organizing Docker containers, but I do think logistics are a great lens to look through the weaknesses of business culture and the labor movement at large.
There is potential to follow an idea too perfectly, too far, too much to its absolute extreme, and see the returns diminish over time. But fortunately, writing doesn’t really require a lot of extra deliveries.
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New Wolf Tooth Tropical Shirt Waveform Pedals [BIKEPACKING.com] (11:05 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
Wolf Tooth Components just released their second limited edition Waveform Pedals, featuring a base color of seafood green and splatters of orange and purple. With only 50 pairs available, these won't last long. Find details here...
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The Wizard Works Winter Drop is Under $100 [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:44 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
Focused on affordability, the Wizard Works Winter Drop is a collection of items well under $100 that might suit your next bikepacking trip or daily commute. Find out what’s in the London brand’s new release here…
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The Allygn EdelMu Dynamo Taillight is Here [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:19 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
The Allygn EdelMü is a striking new dynamo taillight that harmonizes the iconic styling of the SON Edelux headlight with the proven internals of the Busch & Müller Mü taillight. It’s available in direct-mount for M6 braze-ons on the seat tube and standard ring-mount for M3 bolts. Get to know the latest clever product from the Berlin brand here...
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Finding a $20 Bridgestone at the Thrift Store (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:03 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
Lehi Cano’s latest video spotlights a test ride of the newly thrifted Bridgestone CB-1 he picked up for a cool $20. Get to know the bike and some of the changes he made to it here...
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2025 Bikepacking Awards: People and Routes [BIKEPACKING.com] (07:27 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
We’re continuing our 2025 Bikepacking Awards by spotlighting the people who inspired the community this year with standout adventures and meaningful contributions. We’re also highlighting the most compelling bikepacking routes we published in 2025, from quick overnighters to ambitious epics. Dive into the full list of selected riders, routes, and events here…
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A Few Good Reads from the RH Journal [Rene Herse Cycles] (03:46 , Tuesday, 09 December 2025)
The dashboard for our website lists our most popular articles for the day, month, year and all-time. It’s fun to see that some older articles have real staying power. That’s the beauty of good science and good history—it doesn’t become outdated quickly. Here are four articles that continue to be popular and relevant—each with some updates to reflect how the bike world is catching up to these ideas.

Are gravel bikes slower than road bikes?
One of our most popular posts looks at each factor that can make gravel bikes slower than road bikes—and also explains why it doesn’t have to be that way. Read more…
Why you should wear a helmet — but not insist that others wear one
The science behind helmets—why it’s a good idea on an individual level to wear one, but why insisting on helmets can make cycling less safe by reducing ridership and distracting from the real issues of safety. Read more…
Why Square Taper Bottom Brackets?
Metal cranks and metal frames work best with square-taper bottom brackets. Carbon cranks and carbon frames benefit from larger bottom bracket spindles and ‘modern’ standards. Mixing the two doesn’t work as well—aluminum cranks with oversized spindles are heavier than necessary, and the bearings don’t last as long. Read more…

Which hand for which brake?
One of the most confounding questions in cycling: Which hand should control which brake? We look at history to explain why some countries mandate left-front/right-rear and others the opposite—and why it really doesn’t matter much unless you’re a die-hard motorcyclist transferring those skills to cycling. Read more…

More good reads:
If you’ve enjoyed these stories, here are more good reads—perfect for your holiday wish list or as gifts to other cyclists in your life:
Women’s basketball falls to Duke in first game of ACC play [www.collegiatetimes.com - RSS Results for * of type article OR video OR youtube OR collection] (04:54 , Monday, 08 December 2025)
Virginia Tech opened ACC play with a 70-54 loss to Duke Sunday afternoon, allowing the Blue Devils to take their first win in Blacksburg since 2018.
Weekend Snapshot [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:17 , Monday, 08 December 2025)
Today's edition of Weekend Snapshot finds us in England, Utah, and Wales, offering a glimpse of reader-submitted bikepacking trips through varied environments. Scope out the latest scenes and share something from one of your recent getaways here...
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Eddie Clark’s 2025 Tour Divide Photo Gallery [BIKEPACKING.com] (10:06 , Monday, 08 December 2025)
Photographer Eddie Clark spent the better part of a month tracking the 2025 Tour Divide for us, providing some of the highest-level event coverage we've ever seen. He recently uploaded his entire photo collection, which is now available to browse or purchase. Learn more here...
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Wohlgesonnen: Riding 8,000 Kilometers to Morocco and Back (Video) [BIKEPACKING.com] (09:50 , Monday, 08 December 2025)
"Wohlgesonnen" is a new 20-minute video from Georg Hoos that lovingly captures an 82-day, 8,000-kilometer bikepacking journey from Germany to Morocco and back. It's a vivid and deeply personal account of an unforgettable ride. Watch the video and find an introduction from Georg here...
The post Wohlgesonnen: Riding 8,000 Kilometers to Morocco and Back (Video) appeared first on BIKEPACKING.com.
When the Tour de France Charged Admission [Rene Herse Cycles] (02:17 , Saturday, 06 December 2025)
The recent furor around ‘privatizing’ the last kilometers of famous mountain stages in the Tour de France, and charging admission, has died down a bit. For now, those ideas have been dismissed by Tour organizers… In all those discussions of how free viewing is an essential part of the Tour de France, one small, but important detail has been overlooked: Charging admission to stage finishes in the Tour is not a new idea—that’s how it was done for many years. In the early days of the Tour, the public had to pay to see each day’s final sprint.

For the first 50 years, the Tour had a more-or-less set route, which went around the perimeter of France—a true ‘Tour of France.’ The Grande Boucle (‘Big Loop’) was run either clockwise or counter-clockwise, but the actual stage finishes rarely changed. There was a reason for that: The stages had to finish in velodromes, so the organizers could charge admission.
Today, Paris-Roubaix is the only big road race that still finishes in a velodrome. What makes Paris-Roubaix special these days—cobblestones and the finish on the track—were once commonplace in French bicycle racing. During the heroic age, as the Tour de France made its way around the country, at the end of most stages, racers emerged from a tunnel under the bleachers, turned sharply onto the track, and then launched their sprint on the oval banking. Thousands of spectators watched. And to get into the velodrome, those spectators paid for their tickets. That was the real reason to finish in the velodrome: There was an infrastructure already in place to accommodate large numbers of paying spectators. (Today Paris-Roubaix no longer charges admission to the general public.)
Why did they charge admission back in the day? Well, the Tour de France has always been a business. The initial idea behind the Tour was to promote a new magazine, L’Auto. Even though the magazine was financed by the car and bike industry, the race at least had to cover its costs. And so was born the practice of charging towns for ending a Tour stage there. That still continues today. Nowadays, towns and cities pay to raise their profile nationally and internationally, hoping to attract tourists, business investments, etc. Back then, the calculation was simpler: A town with a velodrome could sell tickets to watch the finish, and hopefully turn a profit.

Of course, spectators didn’t just pay to see the racers ride one or two laps in their final sprint. Before the Tour arrived, there were other track races to warm up the crowd. Celebrities performed. It was a spectacle. In those days, even the fastest randonneurs of Paris-Brest-Paris were paraded around the Parc des Princes velodrome in Paris a few days after finishing their long ride, during a track race. Above, the tandems of Routens/Jouffrey (Jo Routens) and Détée/Bulté (René Herse), who had been fastest of all randonneurs in 1956, complete their lap of honor, flowers in hand.

Velodrome finishes fell by the wayside one by one, except for the final stage: Until the 1970s, theTour finished in Paris on the Parc des Princes track. When that velodrome was demolished, the finish moved to the municipal track, the Cipale, for a few more years. Those who’ve witnessed the arrivals of the Tour in those days report a festive atmosphere, with the winners of the various jerseys parading around the track after the final stage.
Today, the image of the peloton on the Champs Elysées, racing past the Arc de Triomphe, is a symbol of the Tour de France—but that wasn’t always so. Above are Eddy Merckx and his Faema team on the infield of the track, in 1969, after the ‘Cannibal’ won his first Tour.

Paying spectators are no longer part of the Tour. The event’s financing model has taken many twists and turns over the years. Take the advertising caravan (sometimes mis-translated as ‘publicity caravan’), for example… Here is how rolling pomade tubes and other eye-catching advertising vehicles came to precede the racers in the Tour: In the late 1920s, founder and organizer Henri Desgrange wanted to break the stranglehold of the pro teams, which back then were run by the big bike makers. He decided to run the Tour for national teams instead. To keep enough spots for all the great French riders, there were regional French teams in addition to the national team, whereas most other nations were allowed one team or, in the case of countries that had few pro cyclists, combined teams. The Tour organizers selected who was on those teams. The national federations were not involved.
The riders in the Tour need mechanics, spare bikes and more. With the big bike makers out of the picture and nobody else involved, Tour organizers had to provide all that—and shoulder the cost. To make up those expenses, the advertising caravan was born: As the Tour passed through towns and villages, it was preceded by cars and trucks that advertised all kinds of things. Back when most people were exposed to relatively few ads, this was undoubtedly effective for those companies and worth paying for.

Back to the velodrome stage finishes… They defined the Tour in more ways than one. Even during mountain stages, the finish was always in a major town—with a velodrome—that was located down in the valley. Until 1952, there were no mountaintop finishes. (Ski areas like l’Alpe d’Huez don’t have velodromes!) Climbers might break away on the slopes, but that was not enough. To win the stage, they had to maintain their advantage during the descent and the—often windy—run down the valley to the finish.

More than one yellow jersey was lost on those long kilometers from the mountaintop to the velodrome. It certainly reduced the chances of winning the Tour for pure climbers. That said, the greatest climbers of the 1950s, Charly Gaul and Fédérico Bahamontès each won a Tour de France (in 1958 and 1959), so it wasn’t impossible.
The Tour switched back to trade teams in 1962… but the advertising caravan continued. It had become a part of the Tour.
The Tour has evolved a lot since those days. Gone is the fixed itinerary. Without the need for a velodrome finish, Tour stages can finish almost anywhere. These days, the Tour route in some years is so convoluted that riders cover more distance during transfer stages than on their bikes.
As the world keeps changing, it’s possible that fewer towns and cities will pay for the privilege of hosting a Tour stage finish. At that point, charging admission for the most iconic parts of the race might be back on the table.

As much as I love the idea of watching the Tour without having to pay, witnessing the finish of an iconic mountain stage already requires a big commitment: You need to show up days in advance, before the roads close, to secure a spot.
A few years ago, I visited Frédéric Charrel, son of the famous mid-century constructeur Paul Charrel, in Grenoble. We rode up the Alpe d’Huez two days before the Tour came that way. The road was already closed for cars, and all the spectators were already there. Camper vans had taken every available spot along the road. Barbecue grills were fired up, music was blaring, children and dogs were running around—it looked like any popular European vacation spot in summer, except there was no beach nearby.
For spectators more interested in the racing than the party, paying a fee may be preferable to having to show up days in advance to secure a spot. For the rest of us, there’ll always be roadside viewing in mid-stage, where the peloton flies by in just a few seconds, but we still get to experience the Tour in all its glory.
We’ll see how the Tour continues to evlove. It’s a fascinating race, and always will be, even as it changes with the times.
Further Reading:
Photo credits: Xavier Rombouts (Eddy Merckx and Team), Rene Herse Archives (Paris-Brest-Paris 1956), Griffe Photo (Alpe d’Huez).
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